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为MySQL数据文件ibdata1瘦身_MySQL

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为MySQL数据文件ibdata1瘦身

 

MySQL在运行一段时间后,ibdata1的文件会增长大小,就算删除了表的数据,ibdata1的体积也不会减小。由于硬盘空间有限,这样一直膨胀下去磁盘空间接近崩溃。今天在导出数据的时候就发现了,磁盘竟然满了,明明预留了1个月的用量,1周就占满了,下面就要给ibdata1做个瘦身。

 

1. 系统环境

Linux Ubuntu 13.04 64bit server

 

~ uname -a

Linux d2 3.8.0-21-generic #32-Ubuntu SMP Tue May 14 22:16:46 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

~ cat /etc/issue

Ubuntu 13.04 /n /l

MySQL: 5.5.31-0ubuntu0.13.04.1

 

~ mysql --version

mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.31, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 6.2

硬盘:36G+4G+4G+36G

 

~ df -hFilesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/server3--vg-root   36G   31G  3.2G  91% /none                          4.0K     0  4.0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroupudev                          4.1G  1.1G  3.0G  26% /devtmpfs                         824M  280K  823M   1% /runnone                          5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/locknone                          4.1G  3.4G  729M  83% /run/shmnone                          100M     0  100M   0% /run/user/dev/vda1                     228M   30M  187M  14% /boot192.168.1.10:/home/amg/data    36G   13G   21G  39% /home/amg/dataMySQL的ibdata1占用空间:20G~ cd /var/lib/mysql~ ls -ldrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql        4096 Aug  2 19:38 CBdrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql        4096 Jun 24 23:08 conandrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql        4096 Jun  2 00:52 dbwordpress-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root            0 May 23 00:48 debian-5.5.flag-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 20101201920 Aug  2 20:08 ibdata1-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql     5242880 Aug  2 20:08 ib_logfile0-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql     5242880 Aug  2 19:38 ib_logfile1drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql        4096 Jun 26 09:03 Macrodrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql root         4096 May 23 00:48 mysql-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root            6 May 23 00:48 mysql_upgrade_infodrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql        4096 May 23 00:48 performance_schemadrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql        4096 May 23 00:53 phpmyadmindrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql root         4096 May 23 00:48 testdrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql        4096 Jul 22 14:09 TFdrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql        4096 Jun  2 01:04 wordpress业务数据表mysql> show tables;+-----------------+| Tables_in_CB    |+-----------------+| NSpremium       || cb_hft          || cb_hft_20130801 || cb_hft_20130802 |+-----------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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2. 发现问题

ibdata1单个文件占用20G大小。

1. MySQL默认设置,没有按表空间分离数据,所有的表的数据都被放到ibdata1文件中。

2. 业务操作,每天会产生一张表cb_hft,晚上的时候对表进行重命名。

RENAME TABLE cb_hft TO cb_hft_20130801;

create table cb_hft like cb_hft_20130801;

3. 每周会把数据导出,同时drop表。但drop后,ibdata1不会减少,随着数据的积累ibdata1越来越大,根空间已经不够用了。

3. 解决问题

1). 导出数据

现在数据库中,有两个数据表,cb_hft_20130801,cb_hft_20130802,分别导出到/run/shm, /dev

~ cd /dev~ mysqldump -uroot -p CB cb_hft_20130802 > export_cb_hft_20130802.sql~ cd /run/shm~ mysqldump -uroot -p CB cb_hft_20130801 > export_cb_hft_20130801.sql~ df -hFilesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/server3--vg-root   36G   31G  3.2G  91% /none                          4.0K     0  4.0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroupudev                          4.1G  3.7G  368M  92% /devtmpfs                         824M  280K  823M   1% /runnone                          5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/locknone                          4.1G  3.4G  729M  83% /run/shmnone                          100M     0  100M   0% /run/user/dev/vda1                     228M   30M  187M  14% /boot192.168.1.10:/home/amg/data    36G   13G   21G  39% /home/amg/data两张表分别占了,3.4G,3.7G。登陆mysql删除CB数据库~ mysql -uroot -p~ drop database CB导出其他数据库数据~ cd /run/shm~ mysqldump -uroot -p -R -q --all-databases > others.sql
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2). 修改配置文件/etc/mysql/my.cnf

对每张表使用单独的数据文件存储innodb_file_per_table

停止mysql服务器~ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop#清空所有数据文件~ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*修改配置文件~ sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf[mysqld]innodb_file_per_table重新构建数据库实例~ /usr/bin/mysql_install_db~ ls /var/lib/mysqlmysql  performance_schema  test#启动MySQL~ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start
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3). 恢复其他数据库

~ mysql < /run/shm/others.sql ~ mysql -umysql -p mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || Macro              || TF                 || conan              || dbwordpress        || mysql              || performance_schema || phpmyadmin         || test               || wordpress          |+--------------------+10 rows in set (0.01 sec)#查看ibdata1大小~ ls -l /var/lib/mysqldrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:33 CBdrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 conandrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 dbwordpress-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Aug  2 21:34 ibdata1-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Aug  2 21:34 ib_logfile0-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Aug  2 21:34 ib_logfile1drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 Macrodrwx------ 2 mysql root      4096 Aug  2 21:23 mysqldrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:19 performance_schemadrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 phpmyadmindrwx------ 2 mysql root      4096 Aug  2 21:19 testdrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 TFdrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 wordpress
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4). 恢复CB数据库

mysql> create database CB;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)~  mysql --database CB < /run/shm/export_cb_hft_20130801.sql~  mysql --database CB < /dev/export_cb_hft_20130802.sql~  mysql --database CB < /dev/export_NSpremium.sql#查看ibdata1大小:还是出初始值没有增长~ ls -l /var/lib/mysqldrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:33 CBdrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 conandrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 dbwordpress-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Aug  2 22:01 ibdata1-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Aug  2 22:01 ib_logfile0-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Aug  2 22:01 ib_logfile1drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 Macrodrwx------ 2 mysql root      4096 Aug  2 21:23 mysqldrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:19 performance_schemadrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 phpmyadmindrwx------ 2 mysql root      4096 Aug  2 21:19 testdrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 TFdrwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug  2 21:23 wordpress#查看CB库目录:所有的数据都保存在自己单独的数据文件~ ls -l /var/lib/mysql/CB-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       9928 Aug  2 21:33 cb_hft_20130801.frm-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7159676928 Aug  2 22:08 cb_hft_20130801.ibd-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       9928 Aug  2 22:09 cb_hft_20130802.frm-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7805599744 Aug  2 22:38 cb_hft_20130802.ibd-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql         61 Aug  2 21:30 db.opt
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刚才设置的innodb_file_per_table参数已经起作用了,当我们再导出表drop后,对应的数据文件idb就会被删除,系统硬盘空间使用就会在正常值范围内。

查看表数据

mysql> show tables;+-----------------+| Tables_in_CB    |+-----------------+| cb_hft_20130801 || cb_hft_20130802 |+-----------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select count(1) from cb_hft_20130801;+----------+| count(1) |+----------+| 21063172 |+----------+1 row in set (1 min 1.46 sec)#删除表~ drop table cb_hft_20130801;#查看数据文件~ ls -l /var/lib/mysql/CB-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       9928 Aug  2 22:09 cb_hft_20130802.frm-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7805599744 Aug  2 22:38 cb_hft_20130802.ibd-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql         61 Aug  2 21:30 db.opt-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       9274 Aug  2 22:52 NSpremium.frm-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql      98304 Aug  2 22:53 NSpremium.ibd
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drop后,数据就一起被删除了。

 

经过对MySQL的调优,ibdata1已经被瘦身!数据库又可以继续正常的稳定的工作了。

 

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