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mysql中engine=innodb和engine=myisam的区别_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:31 PM
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mysql中engine=innodb和engine=myisam的区别

 

最开始用MySQL Administrator建数据库的时候,表缺省是InnoDB类型,也就没有在意。后来用Access2MySQL导数据的时候发现只能导成 MyISAM类型的表,不知道这两种类型有什么区别,就去查了查。原来是MyISAM类型不支持事务处理等高级处理,而InnoDB类型支持。 MyISAM类型的表强调的是性能,其执行数度比InnoDB类型更快,但是不提供事务支持,而InnoDB提供事务支持已经外部键等高级数据库功能。这 样就可以根据数据表不同的用处是用不同的存储类型。 

另外,MyISAM类型的二进制数据文件可以在不同操作系统中迁移。也就是可以直接从Windows系统拷贝到linux系统中使用。

修改:

ALTER TABLE tablename ENGINE = MyISAM ;
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MyISAM:这个是默认类型,它是基于传统的ISAM类型,ISAM是Indexed Sequential Access Method (有索引的 顺序访问方法) 的缩写,它是存储记录和文件的标准方法.与其他存储引擎比较,MyISAM具有检查和修复表格的大多数工具. MyISAM表格可以被压缩,而且它们支持全文搜索.它们不是事务安全的,而且也不支持外键。如果事物回滚将造成不完全回滚,不具有原子性。如果执行大量 的SELECT,MyISAM是更好的选择。

InnoDB:这种类型是事务安全的.它与BDB类型具有相同的特性,它们还支持外键.InnoDB表格速度很快.具有比BDB还丰富的特性,因此如果需要一个事务安全的存储引擎,建议使用它.如果你的数据执行大量的INSERT或UPDATE,出于性能方面的考虑,应该使用InnoDB表,

对于支持事物的InnoDB类型的标,影响速度的主要原因是AUTOCOMMIT默认设置是打开的,而且程序没有显式调用BEGIN 开始事务,导致每插入一条都自动Commit,严重影响了速度。可以在执行sql前调用begin,多条sql形成一个事物(即使autocommit打 开也可以),将大大提高性能。

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1. 4.0以上mysqld都支持事务,包括非max版本。3.23的需要max版本mysqld才能支持事务。

2. 创建表时如果不指定type则默认为myisam,不支持事务。

可以用 show create table tablename 命令看表的类型。

2.1 对不支持事务的表做start/commit操作没有任何效果,在执行commit前已经提交,测试:

执行一个msyql:

use test;drop table if exists tn;create table tn (a varchar(10)) type=myisam;drop table if exists ty;create table ty (a varchar(10)) type=innodb;begin;insert into tn values('a');insert into ty values('a');select * from tn;select * from ty;
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都能看到一条记录

执行另一个mysql:

use test;select * from tn;select * from ty;
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只有tn能看到一条记录

然后在另一边

commit;

才都能看到记录。

3. 可以执行以下命令来切换非事务表到事务(数据不会丢失),innodb表比myisam表更安全:

alter table tablename type=innodb;
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3.1 innodb表不能用repair table命令和myisamchk -r table_name

但可以用check table,以及mysqlcheck [OPTIONS] database [tables]

4. 启动mysql数据库的命令行中添加了以下参数可以使新发布的mysql数据表都默认为使用事务(

只影响到create语句。)

--default-table-type=InnoDB
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测试命令:

use test;drop table if exists tn;create table tn (a varchar(10));show create table tn;
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5. 临时改变默认表类型可以用:

set table_type=InnoDB;show variables like 'table_type';或:c:/mysql/bin/mysqld-max-nt --standalone --default-table-type=InnoDB
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