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mysqlhotcopy命令详解_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:32 PM
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mysqlhotcopy命令详解

 

前言

mysqldump 是采用SQL级别的备份机制,它将数据表导成 SQL 脚本文件,数据库大时,占用系统资源较多,支持常用的MyISAM,innodb

 

mysqlhotcopy只是简单的缓存写入和文件复制的过程,占用资源和备份速度比mysqldump快很多很多。特别适合大的数据库,但需要注意的是:mysqlhotcopy只支持MyISAM 引擎

 

使用mysqlhotcopy需要安装perl支持,因为mysqlhotcopy是prel语言写的。

 

所以使用前先安装一下啊以下三个perl包

 

[plain] 

yum install -y perl perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL  

安装好了之后呢,如果你正常安装mysql的话,无论是通过yum,apt-get 还是源码安装,那么就可以直接使用 mysqlhotcopy了

 

mysqlhotcopy原理

mysqlhotcopy是一个Perl脚本,最初由Tim Bunce编写并提供。它使用LOCK TABLES、FLUSH TABLES和cp或scp来快速备份数据库。它是备份数据库或单个表的最快的途径,但它只能运行在数据库目录所在的机器上。mysqlhotcopy只用于备份MyISAM。它运行在Unix和NetWare中。

 

实际操作

这里我个人有个习惯,就是在热备的时候,刷新一下binlog日志,mysqlhotcopy有个--flushlog参数支持这一功能。

 

所以先看一下,数据库里面有哪些binlog日志,如下:

 

mysqlhotcopy命令详解_MySQL

 

查看一下binlog日志此刻的使用到那个具体的binlog文件中,还有处于什么位置,可以通过如下命令:

 

mysqlhotcopy命令详解_MySQL

 

此时,知道了这些,就可以开始热备了

 

$mysqlhotcopy -u user -p password --flushlog djangodb /tmp

 

#注意-u user -p password 之间都要有空格,否则mysqlhotcopy识别不了,这里和mysql,mysqldump命令还是有区别的

 

djangodb 是指库名

 

/tmp 是指要备份的目录位置,这里备份后,会在/tmp下产生一个djangodb的目录,里面有相关的数据文件,如下图:

 

mysqlhotcopy命令详解_MySQL

 

这里还需要注意的是,你得有select,reload(为了flush tables),lock tables权限。

 

好了,备份之后,可以再看一下binlog日志,此刻多了一个binlog日志。

 

mysqlhotcopy命令详解_MySQL

 

binlog日志里面的position位置也改变了。

 

mysqlhotcopy命令详解_MySQL

 

这里--flushlog,主要是为了备份和回复的角度考虑的。

 

一般这样使用就足够了,如果有特别需求,可以看一下啊man mysqlhotcopy的具体参数介绍

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