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MySql修改数据库编码为UTF8_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:33 PM
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MySql修改数据库编码为UTF8

 

mysql 创建 数据库时指定编码很重要,很多开发者都使用了默认编码,乱码问题可是防不胜防。制定数据库的编码可以很大程度上避免倒入导出带来的乱码问题。

   网页数据一般采用UTF8编码,而数据库默认为latin 。我们可以通过修改数据库默认编码方式为UTF8来减少数据库创建时的设置,也能最大限度的避免因粗心造成的乱码问题。

 

    我们遵循的标准是,数据库,表,字段和页面或文本的编码要统一起来

我们可以通过命令查看数据库当前编码:  

      mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

 发现很多对应的都是 latin1,我们的目标就是在下次使用此命令时latin1能被UTF8取代。

 第一阶段:

    mysql设置编码命令

[sql] 

SET character_set_client = utf8;  

SET character_set_connection = utf8;  

SET character_set_database = utf8;  

SET character_set_results = utf8;  

SET character_set_server = utf8;  

    然后 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%'; 你可以看到全变为 utf8 。

    但是,这只是一种假象

    此种方式只在当前状态下有效,当重启数据库服务后失效。

    所以如果想要不出现乱码只有修改my.ini文件,

    从my.ini下手(标签下没有的添加,有的修改)

      [client]

       default-character-set=utf8

      [mysql]

       default-character-set=utf8

      [mysqld]

      default-character-set=utf8

      以上3个section都要加default-character-set=utf8,平时我们可能只加了mysqld一项。

   然后重启mysql,执行

      mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

   确保所有的Value项都是utf8即可。

      但是可恶的事情又来了,

|character_set_client      | utf8                                  |

| character_set_connection | utf8                                  |

| character_set_database   | utf8                                  |

| character_set_filesystem | binary                                |

| character_set_results    | utf8                                  |

| character_set_server     | latin1                                |

| character_set_system     | utf8          

注意  该配置| character_set_server     | latin1 无法设置成UTF8   交互时候仍然会出现乱码。

 

 第二阶段:找到下面这东东

    X:/%path%/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/bin/MySQLInstanceConfig.exe

   重新启动设置,将默认编码设置为utf8.这样就能达到我们所要的效果了。

    mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name            | Value                                                   |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

| character_set_client     | utf8                                                    |

| character_set_connection | utf8                                                    |

| character_set_database   | utf8                                                    |

| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                  |

| character_set_results    | utf8                                                    |

| character_set_server     | utf8                                                    |

| character_set_system     | utf8                                                    |

| character_sets_dir       | C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/share/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+

8 rows in set

另外注意事项:

1、建表时加utf8,表字段的Collation可加可不加,不加时默认是utf8_general_ci了。

[sql] 

CREATE TABLE `tablename4` (  

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  

`varchar1` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,  

`varbinary1` varbinary(255) DEFAULT NULL,  

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)  

) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8  

 

 

2、网页xxx.php/jsp保存时选择utf8编码,页头最好加上

      header('conten-type:text/html;charset=utf-8');

在执行CRUD操作前先执行一下

      mysql_query("set names utf8");

 

-------------------------

连接数据库设置编码

    jdbc:mysql://地址:3306/数据库名?characterEncoding=utf8

-------------------------

java中的常用编码UTF-8;GBK;GB2312;ISO-8859-1;

对应mysql数据库中的编码utf8;gbk;gb2312;latin1

 

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