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查看修改mysql编码方式_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:34 PM
mysql Chinese database user

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查看修改mysql编码方式

 

MySQL的默认编码是Latin1,不支持中文,要支持中午需要把数据库的默认编码修改为gbk或者utf8。 

 

1、需要以root用户身份登陆才可以查看数据库编码方式(以root用户身份登陆的命令为:>mysql -u root –p,之后两次输入root用户的密码),查看数据库的编码方式命令为: 

>show variables like 'character%'; 

+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 

| Variable_name | Value | 

+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 

| character_set_client | latin1 | 

| character_set_connection | latin1 | 

| character_set_database | latin1 | 

| character_set_filesystem | binary | 

| character_set_results | latin1 | 

| character_set_server | latin1 | 

| character_set_system | utf8 | 

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | 

+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 

从以上信息可知数据库的编码为latin1,需要修改为gbk或者是utf8; 

其中,character_set_client为客户端编码方式;character_set_connection为建立连接使用的编码;character_set_database数据库的编码; 

character_set_results结果集的编码; 

character_set_server数据库服务器的编码; 

只要保证以上四个采用的编码方式一样,就不会出现乱码问题。 

另一个查看数据库编码的命令: 

>show variables like ‘collation%’; 

 

2、linux系统下,修改MySQL数据库默认编码的步骤为: 

       停止MySQL的运行 

/etc/init.d/mysql start (stop) 为启动和停止服务器 

       MySQL主配置文件为my.cnf,一般目录为/etc/mysql 

var/lib/mysql/ 放置的是数据库表文件夹,这里的mysql相当于windows下mysql的date文件夹 

       当我们需要修改MySQL数据库的默认编码时,需要编辑my.cnf文件进行编码修改,在linux下修改mysql的配置文件my.cnf,文件位置默认/etc/my.cnf文件 

 

找到客户端配置[client] 在下面添加 

default-character-set=utf8 默认字符集为utf8 

在找到[mysqld] 添加 

default-character-set=utf8 默认字符集为utf8 

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' (设定连接mysql数据库时使用utf8编码,以让mysql数据库为utf8运行) 

 

修改好后,重新启动mysql 即可,重新查询数据库编码可发现编码方式的改变: 

>show variables like 'character%'; 

+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 

| Variable_name | Value | 

+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 

| character_set_client | utf8 | 

| character_set_connection | utf8 | 

| character_set_database | utf8 | 

| character_set_filesystem | binary | 

| character_set_results | utf8 | 

| character_set_server | utf8 | 

| character_set_system | utf8 | 

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | 

+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 

 

此方法用于标准mysql版本同样有效,对于/etc/my.cnf文件,需要从mysql/support-files的文件夹cp my-large.cnf一份到/etc/my.cnf 

 

3、windows系统下可以删除MySQL数据库,并重新安装,在安装过程中可以直接用Mysql Server Instance Config Wizard 进行设置 

 

4、当MySQL数据库服务器已经有数据不适合删除重装时,可以个别指定数据库的编码方式。MySQL指定编码的方式是非常灵活并多样化的,可以指定表级别的编码,行级别编码,甚至可以指定字段级别的编码。 

以下示例给出创建数据库时指定编码的两种方式: 

1)CREATE  DATABASE  ms_db  CHARACTER SET  utf8  COLLATE utf8_general_ci; 

2)create  database  if  not  exists  netctoss  default character set utf8; 

5、如果你采用的是外部接入的方式,可以在连接中确定请求的编码格式如:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306 /mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8(注意:不要出现任何空格,否则出错) 

6、执行脚本:指定编码格式set names gbk(注意,不是UTF-8)可以修改 

执行前: 

执行后: 

从执行命令前后可知,set names gbk只可以修改character_set_client、character_set_connection、 character_set_results的编码方式,并且这种修改是窗口级别的,只针对本窗口有效,打开另外一个窗口修改无效。也可发现数据库底层的编码方式没有改变,插入数据后还是以utf8编码方式保持。 

 

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