My SQL Server →5事务处理_MySQL
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My SQL Server →5事务处理
.事务的概念
事务机制将一组数据库操作命令当作一个完整且独立的操作序列,即一组命令要么全部执行成功,要么都执行失败。
1.事务的作用:要么所有操作全部完成,要么所有操作全部不执行。
2.什么是事务
数据库中的事务是一种机制,每个事务时一个独立的工作单元,它包含了一组数据库操作命令,且这组命令要么执行,要么都不执行,因此事务时一个不可分割的工作逻辑单元。
3. 事务的属性:
①原子性:事务的各个元素是不可分的。
②一致性:事务完成时必须使所有的数据都保持一致。
③隔离性:对数据进行修改的所有并发事务时彼此隔离的。
④持久性:只要事务成功提交之后,就不能再次回滚到提交前的状态。
·事务的使用
1.创建事务:
①开始事务:BEGIN TRANSACTION
②提交事务:COMMIT TRANSACTION
③回滚事务:ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
分类:
显示事务:用begin transaction明确指定事务的开始,后续的T-SQL语句都是一个整体。
隐式事务:使用Set implicit_transaction on语句,将隐式事务设置为打开。
自动提交事务:是SQL Server d的默认模式,它将每条单独的T-Sql语句视为一个事务,如果成功执行则自动提交,如果失败,则自动回滚。
常用的是显示事务,它明确指定事务开始的边界。事务包含的语句越少越好,无关的语句不要放在事务里,如变量的声明和赋值。
2.创建事务的原则:
①事务要尽可能的简短。
②在事务中访问的数据量要尽量最少。
③浏览数据时尽量不要打开事务。
④在事务处理期间尽量不要请求用户输入。
.在存储过程中使用事务
1.使用事务的注意事项:
①在每个操作之后,都有检查@@error 或 @@rowcount的值。
②当一个事务结束后,紧跟在事务之后的T-sql代码还可以继续执行,但是出错后就不能再回滚事务了。
③已经提交完毕的事务将会将数据正式写入数据库。
④在一个事务正在执行时,如发生停电等意外,则再下次重启系统是该事务会自动回滚。
⑤在事务例发生错误使得事务无法执行下去,事务也会自动回滚。
⑥无法回滚的语句不能再事务中使用。
例:
create database 创建数据库
alter database 修改数据库
drop database 删除数据库
.事务的隔离级别
①Read uncommitted:不隔离数据,即使事务正在使用的同时,其他事务也能同时修改或删除该数据。
②Read committed:不允许读取没有提交的数据
③Repeatable Read:子事务中锁定所读取的数据不让比人修改和删除。
④Snapshot:快照隔离,可以为读取数据的事务提供所需数据的一个已提交的版本,因此写入数据的事务阻塞不会读取数据的事务。
⑤Serializable:将事务所要用到的数据表全部锁定,不允许其他事务添加、修改和删除数据。
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