Discover the categories and uses of Linux commands

Exploring the types and functions of Linux commands

In the Linux operating system, the command line is a tool frequently used by system administrators, developers, and other technical personnel. Through the command line, users can interact directly with the system and complete various tasks. This article will explore the types and functions of Linux commands, combined with specific code examples, to help readers better understand and apply these commands.

1. Basic commands

1. ls command

ls command is used to list files and subdirectories in a directory. You can use the ls command to view all files and directories in the current directory, as well as their permissions, owners, sizes and other information. For example:

ls
ls -l

2. cd command

cd command is used to switch the current working directory. You can quickly switch to other directories through the cd command, making it convenient for users to switch between different directories. For example:

cd /home/user

3. pwd command

pwd command is used to display the path of the current working directory. You can view the full path of the current directory through the pwd command. For example:

pwd

4. mkdir command

mkdir command is used to create a new directory. Use the mkdir command to create a new subdirectory in the current directory. For example:

mkdir new_dir

5. rm command

rm command is used to delete files or directories. Specified files or directories can be deleted through the rm command. It should be noted that deleted files or directories cannot be recovered, so operate with caution. For example:

rm file.txt
rm -r dir

2. File operation commands

1. cp command

The cp command is used to copy files or directories. The cp command can be used to copy a file or directory to a specified directory. For example:

cp file.txt /home/user

2. mv command

mv command is used to move files or directories. The mv command can move a file or directory to a specified directory, and can also be used to rename files or directories. For example:

mv file.txt new_name.txt
mv file.txt /home/user

3. cat command

cat command is used to view the file contents. The contents of the file can be output to the screen through the cat command. For example:

cat file.txt

4. grep command

The grep command is used to search for a specified string in a file. Use the grep command to quickly find lines containing specific content in a file. For example:

grep "pattern" file.txt

5. chmod command

The chmod command is used to modify the permissions of a file or directory. The chmod command can be used to set the read, write, and execution permissions of a file or directory. For example:

chmod 755 file.txt

3. System management commands

1. top command

The top command is used to display process information running in the system. You can use the top command to view the processes that consume the most resources in the system and the resource usage of each process. For example:

top

2. ps command

ps command is used to display the process information of the current user. You can use the ps command to view the processes running by the current user, as well as the status, PID and other information of the process. For example:

ps

3. df command

df command is used to display disk space usage. You can use the df command to check the space usage of each disk partition in the system. For example:

df -h

4. free command

free command is used to display system memory usage. You can use the free command to check the memory usage in the system, including used memory, free memory, etc. For example:

free -h

4. Network commands

1. ping command

The ping command is used to test the network connection. You can use the ping command to send data packets to the specified host to test whether you can successfully connect to the host. For example:

ping www.google.com

2. ifconfig command

The ifconfig command is used to display and configure network interface information. You can use the ifconfig command to view the configuration information of each network interface in the system, such as IP address, subnet mask, etc. For example:

ifconfig

3. netstat command

The netstat command is used to display information such as network connections, routing tables, and network interfaces. You can view various network-related information in the system through the netstat command. For example:

netstat -an

The above are just some of the Linux commands, each command has its unique functions and usage. By exploring and learning these commands, you can help users better manage and operate Linux systems. I hope this article will be helpful to readers, and also encourage readers to continue to learn and practice the usage of Linux commands in depth.

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