


Python multi-threading and multi-process: Learning resource guide to quickly master the essence of concurrent programming
python Multi-threading and multi-process are the basis of Concurrent programming, which can significantly improve the performance of the program. MultiThreading allows multiple tasks to be executed simultaneously in one process, while multiprocessing allows multiple processes to be executed simultaneously on one computer.
To learn Python multi-threading and multi-process, you can use the following resources:
-
Tutorial
- Python multi-threading tutorial
- Python multi-process tutorial
- Concurrent Programming Basics
-
books
- 《Python ConcurrencyProgramming: From Getting Started to Mastery》
- "Python Multi-threading and Multi-process Practical Combat"
- 《Concurrent Programming in Practice》
-
video
- Python multi-threading and multi-process video tutorial
- Python multi-process programming video tutorial
- Concurrent Programming Basics Video Tutorial
-
project
- Python multi-threading and multi-process examples
- Python multi-process example
- Concurrent Programming Project
After mastering Python multi-threading and multi-process, you can apply this knowledge in actual projects to improve the performance of the program. For example, a computationally intensive task can be broken down into multiple subtasks, and then multiple threads or processes can be used to execute these subtasks simultaneously, thereby shortening the running time of the program.
The following are some code examples demonstrating Python multithreading and multiprocessing:
# 多线程示例 import threading def task1(): print("Task 1") def task2(): print("Task 2") thread1 = threading.Thread(target=task1) thread2 = threading.Thread(target=task2) thread1.start() thread2.start()
# 多进程示例 import multiprocessing def task1(): print("Task 1") def task2(): print("Task 2") process1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=task1) process2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=task2) process1.start() process2.start()
Hope these resources can help you quickly master Python multi-threading and multi-process, and apply this knowledge in actual projects to improve program performance.
The above is the detailed content of Python multi-threading and multi-process: Learning resource guide to quickly master the essence of concurrent programming. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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In C++ concurrent programming, the concurrency-safe design of data structures is crucial: Critical section: Use a mutex lock to create a code block that allows only one thread to execute at the same time. Read-write lock: allows multiple threads to read at the same time, but only one thread to write at the same time. Lock-free data structures: Use atomic operations to achieve concurrency safety without locks. Practical case: Thread-safe queue: Use critical sections to protect queue operations and achieve thread safety.

Task scheduling and thread pool management are the keys to improving efficiency and scalability in C++ concurrent programming. Task scheduling: Use std::thread to create new threads. Use the join() method to join the thread. Thread pool management: Create a ThreadPool object and specify the number of threads. Use the add_task() method to add tasks. Call the join() or stop() method to close the thread pool.

The event-driven mechanism in concurrent programming responds to external events by executing callback functions when events occur. In C++, the event-driven mechanism can be implemented with function pointers: function pointers can register callback functions to be executed when events occur. Lambda expressions can also implement event callbacks, allowing the creation of anonymous function objects. The actual case uses function pointers to implement GUI button click events, calling the callback function and printing messages when the event occurs.

To avoid thread starvation, you can use fair locks to ensure fair allocation of resources, or set thread priorities. To solve priority inversion, you can use priority inheritance, which temporarily increases the priority of the thread holding the resource; or use lock promotion, which increases the priority of the thread that needs the resource.

In C++ multi-threaded programming, the role of synchronization primitives is to ensure the correctness of multiple threads accessing shared resources. It includes: Mutex (Mutex): protects shared resources and prevents simultaneous access; Condition variable (ConditionVariable): thread Wait for specific conditions to be met before continuing execution; atomic operation: ensure that the operation is executed in an uninterruptible manner.

Methods for inter-thread communication in C++ include: shared memory, synchronization mechanisms (mutex locks, condition variables), pipes, and message queues. For example, use a mutex lock to protect a shared counter: declare a mutex lock (m) and a shared variable (counter); each thread updates the counter by locking (lock_guard); ensure that only one thread updates the counter at a time to prevent race conditions.

Thread termination and cancellation mechanisms in C++ include: Thread termination: std::thread::join() blocks the current thread until the target thread completes execution; std::thread::detach() detaches the target thread from thread management. Thread cancellation: std::thread::request_termination() requests the target thread to terminate execution; std::thread::get_id() obtains the target thread ID and can be used with std::terminate() to immediately terminate the target thread. In actual combat, request_termination() allows the thread to decide the timing of termination, and join() ensures that on the main line

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