Learn the basics of Golang and practice: The complete guide

Golang Getting Started Guide: From Basics to Practice

Go language (Golang) is a programming language developed by Google and has received widespread attention and use. Its design is simple and efficient, with the advantages of concurrent programming, and is suitable for use in web development, cloud computing, big data processing and other fields. This guide will take you from the basic knowledge of the Go language and gradually deepen into practical applications to help you quickly get started with this emerging programming language.

1. Go language basics

1.1 Hello, World!

Let us start with the traditional "Hello, World!" program. In Go language, you can achieve this through the following code:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, World!")
}

Through the above simple code, you can experience the basic syntax and program structure of Go language. Next, we will take an in-depth look at the various features of the Go language.

1.2 Variables and data types

The Go language has a strict static type system, which means that the type of a variable must be specified when declaring it. Here are some examples of basic data types:

• Integer types: int, int8, int16, int32, int64, uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64
• Floating point types: float32, float64
• Boolean type: bool
• String type: string
• Complex type: complex64, complex128

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    var num1 int = 10
    var num2 float64 = 3.14
    var flag bool = true
    var str string = "Hello"

    fmt.Println(num1, num2, flag, str)
}

1.3 Process control

Go language supports traditional flow control statements, such as if conditional judgment, for loop and switch statement.

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    num := 10

    if num > 5 {
        fmt.Println("大于5")
    } else {
        fmt.Println("小于等于5")
    }

    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        fmt.Println(i)
    }

    switch num {
    case 1:
        fmt.Println("数字为1")
    case 2:
        fmt.Println("数字为2")
    default:
        fmt.Println("其他数字")
    }
}

2. Advanced Go language

2.1 Functions and methods

In Go language, functions are basic code blocks, and methods are special types of functions, defined on the structure. The following are examples of functions and methods:

package main

import "fmt"

func add(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

type person struct {
    name string
}

func (p person) introduce() {
    fmt.Println("My name is", p.name)
}

func main() {
    result := add(3, 5)
    fmt.Println(result)

    p := person{name: "Alice"}
    p.introduce()
}

2.2 Packages and Imports

Go language organizes code through packages, and a package can contain multiple .go files. Use the import statement to import other packages, and you can also use custom packages.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
)

func main() {
    fmt.Println(rand.Intn(100))
}

3. Go language practice

3.1 Concurrent programming

The Go language naturally supports efficient concurrent programming through goroutine (lightweight thread) and channel (channel). Implement concurrency control.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func sayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, World!")
}

func main() {
    go sayHello()
    time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
}

3.2 Web Development

Go language is also widely used in the field of Web development. Web applications can be quickly built through the net/http package in the standard library.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, World!")
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

Conclusion

Through studying this guide, you have understood the basic knowledge, advanced features and practical application scenarios of the Go language. I hope these contents can help you quickly get started and master the Go language, and enjoy the fun and pleasure of programming. Continue to learn and practice, and you will discover the power of the Go language and lay a solid foundation for your future programming.

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