Which data types in Go language are reference types?

In Go language, data types can be divided into value types and reference types. Value types directly store the value of data, while reference types store the memory address of the data. In the Go language, the following data types are reference types:

1. Slice: A slice is a dynamic array that can grow or shrink dynamically as needed. Slices are reference types and are actually references to the underlying array. By modifying the elements of a slice, you can change the value of the underlying array.

Sample code:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    // 创建一个切片
    nums := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
    
    // 修改切片的第一个元素
    nums[0] = 100

    // 打印切片的值
    fmt.Println(nums) // 输出 [100 2 3 4 5]
}

2. Map: Map is an unordered collection of key-value pairs. In the Go language, mapping is also a reference type, and operating on the mapping will affect the underlying data structure.

Sample code:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    // 创建一个映射
    person := map[string]int{
        "Alice": 25,
        "Bob": 30,
        "Charlie": 35,
    }

    // 修改映射的值
    person["Bob"] = 32

    // 打印映射的值
    fmt.Println(person) // 输出 map[Alice:25 Bob:32 Charlie:35]
}

3. Channel: Channel is used to pass data between Go coroutines. Channels are reference types, and when passing a channel, a reference to the channel is passed.

Sample code:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    // 创建一个通道
    ch := make(chan int)

    // 写入数据到通道
    go func() {
        ch <- 10
    }()

    // 读取通道数据
    data := <-ch

    // 打印通道数据
    fmt.Println(data) // 输出 10
}

In addition to the data types mentioned above, functions are also reference types. In the Go language, functions can be passed as parameters, return values, and can be assigned to variables. Functions, as reference types, can be shared and operated among multiple coroutines.

In summary, in Go language, slices, maps, channels and functions are reference types. They store the memory address of data, and operating on them will directly affect the underlying data. Therefore, when using these data types, you need to pay attention to the characteristics of reference types to avoid data confusion or accidental modification due to references.

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