Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL的Replace into与Insert into...on duplicate key update.._MySQL

MySQL的Replace into与Insert into...on duplicate key update.._MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:35 PM
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MySQL的Replace into与Insert into...on duplicate key update...真正的不同之处

 

今天听同事介绍oracle到mysql的数据migration,他用了Insert into ..... on duplicate key update ...,我当时就想怎么不用Replace呢,于是回来就仔细查了下,它们果然还是有区别的,看下面的例子吧:

1 Replace into ...

1.1 录入原始数据

mysql> use test;

Database changed

mysql> 

mysql> 

mysql> show tables;  www.bitsCN.com  

+----------------+

| Tables_in_test |

+----------------+

| test           |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 SELECT 1 AS a, 'c3' AS b, 'c2' AS c;

ALTER TABLE t1 CHANGE a a INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM t1;

+---+----+----+

| a | b  | c  |

+---+----+----+

| 1 | c3 | c2 |

+---+----+----+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 2,'2', '3';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> insert into t1(b,c) select 'r2','r3';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;

+---+----+----+

| a | b  | c  |

+---+----+----+

| 1 | c3 | c2 |

| 2 | 2  | 3  |

| 3 | r2 | r3 |

+---+----+----+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

1.2 开始replace操作

mysql> REPLACE INTO t1(a,b) VALUES(2,'a') ;

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;

+---+----+----+

| a | b  | c  |

+---+----+----+

| 1 | c3 | c2 |

| 2 | a  |    |

| 3 | r2 | r3 |

+---+----+----+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

【】看到这里,replace,看到这里,a=2的记录中c字段是空串了,

所以当与key冲突时,replace覆盖相关字段,其它字段填充默认值,可以理解为删除重复key的记录,新插入一条记录,一个delete原有记录再insert的操作。

 

1.3 但是不知道对主键的auto_increment有无影响,接下来测试一下:

mysql> insert into t1(b,c) select 'r4','r5';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;

+---+----+----+

| a | b  | c  |

+---+----+----+

| 1 | c3 | c2 |

| 2 | a  |    |

| 3 | r2 | r3 |

| 5 | r4 | r5 |

+---+----+----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

【】从这里可以看出,新的自增不是从4开始,而是从5开始,就表示一个repalce操作,主键中的auto_increment会累加1.

所以总结如下:

Replace:

当没有key时,replace相当于普通的insert.

当有key时,可以理解为删除重复key的记录,在保持key不变的情况下,delete原有记录,再insert新的记录,新纪录的值只会录入replace语句中字段的值,其余没有在replace语句中的字段,会自动填充默认值。

 

2.1 ok,再来看Insert into ..... on duplicate key update,

mysql> insert into t1(a,b) select '3','r5' on duplicate key update b='r5';

Query OK, 2 rows affected, 1 warning (0.19 sec)

Records: 1  Duplicates: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> select * from t1;

+---+----+----+

| a | b  | c  |

+---+----+----+

| 1 | c3 | c2 |

| 2 | a  |    |

| 3 | r5 | r3 |

| 5 | r4 | r5 |

+---+----+----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

【】a=5时候,原来的c值还在,这表示当key有时,只执行后面的udate操作语句.

 

2.2 再检查auto_increment情况。

mysql> insert into t1(a,b) select '3','r5' on duplicate key update b='r5';

Query OK, 2 rows affected, 1 warning (0.19 sec)

Records: 1  Duplicates: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> select * from t1;

+---+----+----+

| a | b  | c  |

+---+----+----+

| 1 | c3 | c2 |

| 2 | a  |    |

| 3 | r5 | r3 |

| 5 | r4 | r5 |

+---+----+----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t1(b,c) select 'r6','r7';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.19 sec)

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from t1;

+---+----+----+

| a | b  | c  |

+---+----+----+

| 1 | c3 | c2 |

| 2 | a  |    |

| 3 | r5 | r3 |

| 5 | r4 | r5 |

| 7 | r6 | r7 |

+---+----+----+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

【】从这里可以看出,新的自增不是从6开始,而是从7开始,就表示一个Insert .. on deplicate udate操作,主键中的auto_increment也跟replace一样累加1.

 

2.3 再看下当没有key的时候,insert .. on deplicate update的情况

mysql> insert into t1(a,b,c) select '33','r5','c3' on duplicate key update b='r5';

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.23 sec)

Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 1

mysql> select * from t1;

+----+----+----+

| a  | b  | c  |

+----+----+----+

|  1 | c3 | c2 |

|  2 | a  |    |

|  3 | b5 | r3 |

|  5 | r4 | r5 |

|  7 | r6 | r7 |

|  9 | s6 | s7 |

| 33 | r5 | c3 |

+----+----+----+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

看a=33的记录,ok,全部录入了。

 

3 总结从上面的测试结果看出,相同之处:

(1),没有key的时候,replace与insert .. on deplicate udpate相同。

(2),有key的时候,都保留主键值,并且auto_increment自动+1

不同之处:有key的时候,replace是delete老记录,而录入新的记录,所以原有的所有记录会被清除,这个时候,如果replace语句的字段不全的话,有些原有的比如例子中c字段的值会被自动填充为默认值。

      而insert .. deplicate update则只执行update标记之后的sql,从表象上来看相当于一个简单的update语句。

      但是实际上,根据我推测,如果是简单的update语句,auto_increment不会+1,应该也是先delete,再insert的操作,只是在insert的过程中保留除update后面字段以外的所有字段的值。

   

 所以两者的区别只有一个,insert .. on deplicate udpate保留了所有字段的旧值,再覆盖然后一起insert进去,而replace没有保留旧值,直接删除再insert新值。

 从底层执行效率上来讲,replace要比insert .. on deplicate update效率要高,但是在写replace的时候,字段要写全,防止老的字段数据被删除。

 

个人倾向与用Replace。

 

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