Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL查询优化:连接查询排序limit(join、order by、limit语句)_MySQL

MySQL查询优化:连接查询排序limit(join、order by、limit语句)_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:35 PM

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MySQL查询优化:连接查询排序limit(join、order by、limit语句)

 

不知道有没有人碰到过这样恶心的问题:两张表连接查询并limit,SQL效率很高,
但是加上order by以后,语句的执行时间变的巨长,效率巨低。

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情况是这么一个情况:现在有两张表,team表和people表,每个people属于一个
team,people中有个字段team_id。

 

下面给出建表语句:

[sql] 

create table t_team  

(  

id int primary key,  

tname varchar(100)  

);  

  

create table t_people  

(  

id int primary key,  

pname varchar(100),  

team_id int,  

foreign key (team_id) references t_team(id)  

);  

下面我要连接两张表查询出前10个people,按tname排序。

 

于是,一个SQL语句诞生了:select * from t_people p left join t_team t onp.
team_id=t.id order by p.pname limit 10; [语句①]

 

这个是我第一反应写的SQL,通俗易懂,也是大多数人的第一反应。

 

然后来测试一下这个语句的执行时间。

 

首先要准备数据。我用存储过程在t_team表中生成1000条数据,在t_people表中
生成100000条数据。(存储过程在本文最后)

 

执行上面那条SQL语句,执行了好几次,耗时在3秒左右。

 

再换两个语句对比一下:

      

1.把order by子句去掉:select * from t_people p left join t_team t on p.team_id=
t.id limit10; [语句②]

耗时0.00秒,忽略不计。

 

2.还是使用order by,但是把连接t_team表去掉:select * from t_people p order
by p.pname limit 10;  [语句③]

耗时0.15秒左右。

 

对比发现[语句①]的效率巨低。

 

为什么效率这么低呢。[语句②]和[语句③]执行都很快,[语句①]不过是二者的结合。
如果先执行[语句③]得到排序好的10条people结果后,再连接查询出各个people的
team,效率不会这么低。那么只有一个解释:MySQL先执行连接查询,再进行排序。

 

解决方法:如果想提高效率,就要修改SQL语句,让MySQL先排序取前10条再连接查询。

SQL语句:

select * from (select * from t_people p order by p.pname limit 10) p left join t_team
t on p.team_id=t.id limit 10; [语句④]

 

[语句④]和[语句①]功能一样,虽然有子查询,虽然看起来很别扭,但是效率提高了很多,
它的执行时间只要0.16秒左右,比之前的[语句①]提高了20倍。

 

这两个表的结构很简单,如果遇到复杂的表结构…我在实际开发中就碰到了这样的
问题,使用[语句①]的方式耗时80多秒,但使用[语句④]只需1秒以内。

 

最后给出造数据的存储过程:

[sql] 

CREATE PROCEDURE createdata()  

BEGIN  

DECLARE i INT;  

START TRANSACTION;  

SET i=0;  

WHILE i

    INSERT INTO t_team VALUES(i+1,CONCAT('team',i+1));  

    SET i=i+1;  

END WHILE;  

SET i=0;  

WHILE i

    INSERT INTO t_people VALUES(i+1,CONCAT('people',i+1),i%1000+1);  

    SET i=i+1;  

END WHILE;  

COMMIT;  

END  

 

来源 http://blog.csdn.net/xiao__gui/article/details/8616224

 

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