Home Web Front-end JS Tutorial Introducing a micro-template for JavaScript_Basic knowledge

Introducing a micro-template for JavaScript_Basic knowledge

May 16, 2016 pm 03:53 PM
javascript stencil

 我一直在使用一个小工具,并发现它在构建Javascript应用过程中非常实用。它是一个非常简单的模板函数,速度快,支持缓存,并容易使用。我想分享一下使用它的过程中的一些技巧。

以下是模板函数的代码(你可以从正要出版的Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja一书中得到更精炼的版本):
 

// 简单JavaScript模板引擎
// John Resig - http://ejohn.org/ - MIT Licensed
(function(){
 var cache = {};
 
 this.tmpl = function tmpl(str, data){
  // 判断我们是否已经有这么一个模板,或者我们需要载入模板
  // 并保证把结果保存到缓存中。
  var fn = !/\W/.test(str) ?
   cache[str] = cache[str] ||
    tmpl(document.getElementById(str).innerHTML) :
   
   // 生成一个可重用的函数,用于提供模板生成功能
   // (它会被记录到缓存内).
   new Function("obj",
    "var p=[],print=function(){p.push.apply(p,arguments);};" +
    
    // 通过with(){}把数据作为本地变量引入
    "with(obj){p.push('" +
    
    // 把模板转换未纯javascript代码
    str
     .replace(/[\r\t\n]/g, " ")
     .split("<%").join("\t")
     .replace(/((^|%>)[^\t]*)'/g, "$1\r")
     .replace(/\t=(.*&#63;)%>/g, "',$1,'")
     .split("\t").join("');")
     .split("%>").join("p.push('")
     .split("\r").join("\\'")
   + "');}return p.join('');");
  
  // 给用户提供一些基本的柯里化功能
  return data &#63; fn( data ) : fn;
 };
})();
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你的模板代码看起来将是类似于(这并不是规定的格式,但是我比较喜欢这样):


<script type="text/html" id="item_tmpl">
 <div id="<%=id%>" class="<%=(i % 2 == 1 &#63; " even" : "")%>">
  <div class="grid_1 alpha right">
   <img class="righted" src="<%=profile_image_url%>"/>
  </div>
  <div class="grid_6 omega contents">
   <p><b><a href="/<%=from_user%>"><%=from_user%></a>:</b> <%=text%></p>
  </div>
 </div>
</script>
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你也可以内嵌脚本:

<script type="text/html" id="user_tmpl">
 <% for ( var i = 0; i < users.length; i++ ) { %>
  <li><a href="<%=users[i].url%>"><%=users[i].name%></a></li>
 <% } %>
</script>
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提示:把脚本内嵌到你的页面中,并且content-type是未知的(例如在这个例子中,浏览器不知道该如何执行 text/html 脚本),那么浏览器会把它忽略掉 - 同时搜索引擎和屏幕读取也会忽略掉它。这是一个非常好的伪装代码,可以把你的模板嵌入到你的页面中。我喜欢使用快速却又随性的技术,我只需一到两个小模板,就可以得到又轻型和快速应用。

你可以在脚本中,像这样去使用:

var results = document.getElementById("results");
results.innerHTML = tmpl("item_tmpl", dataObject);
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你可以预编译结果,在稍后使用。如果你只使用一个ID作为参数(或者一个模板代码)来调用模板函数,那么它就会返回一个预编译的函数,你就可以在稍后调用:

var show_user = tmpl("item_tmpl"), html = "";
for ( var i = 0; i < users.length; i++ ) {
 html += show_user( users[i] );
}
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这是目前最没办法的办法,解析和转换代码——对这你很可能无爱。不过他只有我中意的一项技术:在字符串中用字符静态搜索和静态替换时,比如split("match").join("replace"),执行速度更好——看起来不直观但可以有效工作在现代浏览器里(下一版FireFox会大幅提高replace(/match/g,"replace")的性能——所以现在这样的长表达式以后不需要的)

放轻松享受它——我很好奇代码中的突变。即使它很简单,仍然有很多事情可以用它做。

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