主键与唯一性索引简析_MySQL
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其实指定列的索引就相当于对指定的列进行排序，为什么要排序呢？因为排序有利于对该列的查询，可以大大增加查询效率。（那么可能有人认为应该对所有的列排序，这样就可以增加整个数据库的查询效率？这样的想法是错误的，原因是建立索引也是要消耗系统资源的，给每个表里的每个列都建立索引那么将对系统造成极大的负担，那就更别提效率了！）---------简单的说建立一个列的索引，就相当与建立一个列的排序。
主键其实就是一个索引，但是这个索引跟一般的索引有所不同，不同在于主键所在的列里的每一个的记录都是唯一的，也可以说不能在主键里出现相同的记录,在同一个表里只能有一个主键。（主键等于索引，索引不一定等于主键）----------简单的说主键就是所在列不能出现相同记录的特殊索引，而且这个索引只能在表里出现一次。 1.主键一定是唯一性索引，唯一性索引并不一定就是主键； 2.一个表中可以有多个唯一性索引，但只能有一个主键； 3.主键列不允许空值，而唯一性索引列允许空值。 主键在表中有唯一标识的作用，不可重复，不能为空； 当其它表建立外键关联当前表时，只可以关联主键。 唯一索引，确切的说是唯一约束， create unique index index_id on(id); 是用来限制当前表插入时建立唯一约束的字段不可重复。 一个是做为唯一标识，先唯一后标识； 另一个是插入时做唯一限制。
摘自 simonjay2007的专栏 bitsCN.com
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