Java Git Practical Tips: The Road from Zero Basics to Expert

git Basics

Start

Carefully compiled by php editor Baicao, "Java Git Practical Cheats: The Road from Zero Basics to Expert" is a practical guide suitable for Java developers. This book guides readers from the basic concepts of Git to advanced application skills in a simple and easy-to-understand manner, comprehensively mastering the use of Git tools, and helping readers become Git experts. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, you can find a learning path that suits you in this book, quickly improve your Git skills, and improve work efficiency.

# 创建一个名为 my-project 的仓库
git init my-project

Add, Submit and Push

To add files to a Git repository, you can use the git add command. These changes can then be committed using the git commit command, adding a commit message.

# 添加 my-file.txt 文件
git add my-file.txt

# 提交更改，提交消息为 "Initial commit"
git commit -m "Initial commit"

To push local submissions to a remote repository (such as GitHub), you can use the git push command.

# 将更改推送到名为 origin 的远程仓库
git push origin main

Git Practice

Branch and merge

Branching allows you to create parallel development versions of your code base. You can use the git branch command to create a new branch, and the git checkout command to switch branches. To merge two branches, you can use the git merge command.

# 创建一个名为 feature-branch 的新分支
git branch feature-branch

# 切换到新分支
git checkout feature-branch

# 合并 master 分支到当前分支
git merge main

Conflict resolution

When changes from different branches cause conflicts in the same piece of code, Git prompts you to resolve the conflicts manually. To resolve a conflict, edit the conflicting file, merge the changes manually, and commit the fix using git add and git commit.

# 使用 vim 编辑有冲突的文件
vim my-file.txt

# 手动合并更改
...

# 添加并提交修复
git add my-file.txt
git commit -m "Resolved conflict"

Rebase and change history

Rebasing is a technique for modifying the history of commits, usually to clean up or rearrange commits. Rebase can be performed using the git rebase command. Change history allows you to view and modify the commit history, which can be viewed using the git log command.

# 变基当前分支到 master 分支
git rebase master

# 查看提交历史
git log --graph --oneline

Tools and Extensions

There are many tools and extensions that can enhance your Git experience. For example, you can view file differences using the git diff command, visualize commit history using the gitk command, and use the git-extras extension to provide additional Order.

Advanced Usage

Git flow workflow

Git flow workflow is a popular branch management strategy that uses a series of named branches to organize the development process. It helps keep your codebase clean and manageable.

Contribution Guide

The Contribution Guidelines define a process for contributing to open source projects . It typically contains guidance on submission format, testing, and code review.

Git using Java api

The

Java Git library allows you to programmatically interact with Git repositories. You can use the org.eclipse.jgit library to connect to the repository, execute commands and modify the commit history.

import org.eclipse.jgit.api.Git;
import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Repository;

public class JavaGitExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 打开一个 Git 仓库
Repository repository = Git.open(new File("/path/to/repo"));

// 获取 head commit
Ref head = repository.getRef("HEAD");

// 创建一个新的提交
ObjectId newCommitId = repository.commit()
.setMessage("My commit message")
.setAuthor(new PersonIdent("John Doe", "john.doe@example.com"))
.call();

// 更新 HEAD 以指向新的提交
repository.updateRef(head.getName(), newCommitId);
}
}

Summarize

Mastering Git is an essential skill in software development. By following this guide, you can start from scratch and gradually become a Git expert. By understanding foundational concepts, practicing advanced techniques, and leveraging tools and extensions, you can manage code changes efficiently and collaborate seamlessly with your team members.

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