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改进MySQL的table_cache_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:44 PM
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以下为本人在工作中的碎碎念,记录的比较凌乱……

........................................................................

在mysql里面有一个参数table_cache,当设置过大时,会产生明显的效率下降。这是因为扫描open_cache哈希表时,使用的线性扫描,时间复杂度为O(n),mysql的bug list上有人提供了一个patch(http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=33948),可以把时间降到o(1),其基本思想是为table实例增加三个指针,来维护一个空闲链表。

 

首先,我们分析一下mysql在打开一个表时如何工作:

 

在mysql里,table_cache是一个比较重要的参数。由于多线程机制,每个线程独自打开自己需要的标的文件描述符,而不是共享已经打开的。

 

 

 

1. table_cache key (见create_table_def_key)

在内存里,table cache使用hash表来存储,key为  database_name/0table_name/0+(可选的,用于临时表)

 

这里对于临时表会做特殊处理,需要增加额外的信息来保证临时表在slave端是唯一的

增加8个字节:前4个字节为master thread id,后4个字节为slavb

 

 

2.打开表时候的处理:open_table

 

 

***************

必要的检查:线程栈是否足够,thd是否被kill

**************

全局锁:lock_open

*************************

首先判断是否是临时表

*************************

这里有一段很有意思的逻辑,当需要打开表时,总是先从临时表链表中查找表。也就是说,当存在一个与实际表同名的临时表时,会总是操作临时表

if (!table_list->skip_temporary)

  {

    for (table= thd->temporary_tables; table ; table=table->next)

    {

 

 

**********************************************

非临时表,且处于pre-locked 或lock_tables mode(thd->locked_tables || thd->prelocked_mode)

即该线程已经打开或锁定了一些表,从thd->open_tables里查询,当不存在时,返回error

**********************************************

if (thd->locked_tables || thd->prelocked_mode)

  {                              // Using table locks

    TABLE *best_table= 0;

    int best_distance= INT_MIN;

    for (table=thd->open_tables; table ; table=table->next)

    {

 

 

 

*******************************************************

正常情况:

1. 首先尝试从table cache中取table

2. 当找到的TABLE实例是nam-locked的,或者一些线程正在flush tables,我们需要等待,直到锁释放

3. 如果不存在这样的TABLE,我们需要创建TABLE,并将其加入到cache中

!这些操作都需要全局锁:LOCK_open,来保护table cache和磁盘上的表定义

*******************************************************

 

如果这是该query打开的第一个表:设置thd->version = refresh_version,这样,当我们打开剩余表的过程中,如果version发生了变化,则需要back off,关闭所有已经打开的并重新打开表

目前refresh_version只会被FLUSH TABLES命令改变

 

 if (thd->handler_tables)        

    mysql_ha_flush(thd);   //刷新(关闭并标记为re-open)所有需要reopen的表

 

 

查询table cache的过程:

 

 for (table= (TABLE*) hash_first(&open_cache, (uchar*) key, key_length,                  //基于同一个key来查找hash表

                                  &state);

       table && table->in_use ;

       table= (TABLE*) hash_next(&open_cache, (uchar*) key, key_length,

                                 &state))

{

    

 

**********************************

flush tables marked for flush.

 Normally, table->s->version contains the value of

      refresh_version from the moment when this table was

      (re-)opened and added to the cache.

      If since then we did (or just started) FLUSH TABLES

      statement, refresh_version has been increased.

      For "name-locked" TABLE instances, table->s->version is set

      to 0 (see lock_table_name for details).

      In case there is a pending FLUSH TABLES or a name lock, we

      need to back off and re-start opening tables.

      If we do not back off now, we may dead lock in case of lock

      order mismatch with some other thread:

      c1: name lock t1; -- sort of exclusive lock

      c2: open t2;      -- sort of shared lock

      c1: name lock t2; -- blocks

      c2: open t1; -- blocks

*********************************

 

             if (table->needs_reopen_or_name_lock())  //Is this instance of the table should be reopen or represents a name-lock?

              {}

 

}

 

if (table)

************

从unused_tables链表中移除刚找到的table

************

else

***********

创建一个新的table实例,并插入到open cache中

***********

while (open_cache.records > table_cache_size && unused_tables)         //当cache满时,从中释放未使用的TABLE实例

             hash_delete(&open_cache,(uchar*) unused_tables);            

 

if (table_list->create)   //创建一个新表

{

 

*******

检查表是否存在:check_if_table_exists

*******

在table cache的hash中创建一个placeholder(占位符):table_cache_insert_placeholder

将占位符链到open tables list上:

        table->open_placeholder= 1;

        table->next= thd->open_tables;

        thd->open_tables= table;

 

        return table

}

 

创建一个新的table实例

分配内存table=(TABLE*) my_malloc(sizeof(*table),MYF(MY_WME))

 

error= open_unireg_entry(thd, table, table_list, alias, key, key_length,

                             mem_root, (flags & OPEN_VIEW_NO_PARSE));

 

 

如果是视图or error

 

 

my_hash_insert(&open_cache,(uchar*) table)

 

 

------------------------------------------------

 

patch:http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=33948

增加3个指针:

hash_head:

hash_prev: always point to unused table cached items

hash_next: always point to used table cached items

 

修改的函数:

 

free_cache_entry  //释放一个表的内存。

close_thread_table   //move one table to free list

reopen_name_locked_table  //重新打开表,保持链表结构

table_cache_insert_placeholder

open_table

------------------------------------------------------------------------

总结:

 

增加了三个指针:

hash_head:

hash_prev:

hash_next:

 

!.............................!head!.........................!

 

head的左边为空闲item链表

head的右边为占用的item链表

所有item通过hash_prev和hash_next进行双向指针

右边的item的hash_head指向head

 

 

操作链表:

1)插入新空闲item:在head节点前加入

2)插入新的被占用item:在head后面加入

3)从链表中删除item:

   ---若该item为head,修改head右侧的item的hash_head指向head->next

   ---否则,直接删除item,并释放内存。。

 

查询空闲节点:

1) 找到head

2) 检测head是否in_use,为False则table = head, true则找到table = head->prev

3)当table 不为NULL时,表示找到一个item,将其插入到head右侧

3) table依旧为NULL---->创建新item,将其插入到head右侧

 

 

------------------------------

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