In-depth discussion: The waiting mechanism of the main function of Go language

Title: In-depth discussion: The waiting mechanism of the main function of Go language

As an efficient and highly concurrency programming language, Go language has its unique main function waiting mechanism Mechanism is particularly important when writing multi-threaded programs. This article will delve into the waiting mechanism of the main function in the Go language and illustrate its implementation principle with specific code examples.

In the Go language, the waiting mechanism of the main function is mainly implemented through the WaitGroup in the sync package. WaitGroup is a concurrency-safe counter used to wait for a group of goroutines to complete. It provides three methods to implement the waiting mechanism: Add(), Done() and Wait(). The Add() method is used to increase the number of goroutines to wait, the Done() method notifies WaitGroup that a goroutine has been completed, and the Wait() method is used to block and wait for all goroutines to complete.

Next, we use a simple example to illustrate how the waiting mechanism of the main function works:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    wg.Add(2)

    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        fmt.Println("goroutine 1 执行完成")
    }()

    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        fmt.Println("goroutine 2 执行完成")
    }()

wg.Wait()
fmt.Println("所有goroutine执行完成")
}

In the above code, we first create a variable wg of type WaitGroup , and set the number of goroutines to wait to 2 by calling the Add() method. Then we started two goroutines and called the wg.Done() method after the goroutine execution ended through the defer statement, indicating that the goroutine has been completed. Finally, the wg.Wait() method is called to block the main function until all goroutines are executed.

Through the above code example, we can see how the waiting mechanism of the main function is implemented through WaitGroup. In actual development, we can apply this waiting mechanism to scenarios where we need to wait for multiple goroutines to complete before performing the next operation to ensure the correct execution order of concurrent programs.

In general, the waiting mechanism of the main function of the Go language is implemented through the WaitGroup in the sync package. The three methods of Add(), Done() and Wait() are used to wait for a group of goroutines. Finish. Reasonable use of the waiting mechanism of the main function can better manage concurrent programs and improve the performance and maintainability of the program.

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