MySQL主主以及主从复制、半同步复制_MySQL
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mysql主从、主主复制详解
Mysql 主从、主主复制详解
一、复制的介绍
MySQL支持单向、异步复制,复制过程中一个服务器充当主服务器,而一个或多个其它服务器
充当从服务器。主服务器将更新写入二进制日志文件,并维护文件的一个索引以跟踪日志循环。
这些日志可以记录发送到从服务器的更新。当一个从服务器连接主服务器时,它通知主服务器从
服务器在日志中读取的最后一次成功更新的位置。从服务器接收从那时起发生的任何更新,然后
封锁并等待主服务器通知新的更新。
请注意当你进行复制时,所有对复制中的表的更新必须在主服务器上进行。否则,你必须要小心,
以避免用户对主服务器上的表进行的更新与对从服务器上的表所进行的更新之间的冲突。
单向复制有利于健壮性、速度和系统管理:
l 主服务器/从服务器设置增加了健壮性。主服务器出现问题时,你可以切换到从服务器作为
份。
l 通过在主服务器和从服务器之间切分处理客户查询的负荷,可以得到更好的客户响应时间。
SELECT查询可以发送到从服务器以降低主服务器的查询处理负荷。但修改数据的语句仍然
应发送到主服务器,以便主服务器和从服务器保持同步。如果非更新查询为主,该负载均
衡策略很有效,但一般是更新查询。
l 使用复制的另一个好处是可以使用一个从服务器执行备份,而不会干扰主服务器。在备份
过程中主服务器可以继续处理更新。
MySQL 提供了数据库的同步功能,这对我们实现数据库的冗灾、备份、恢复、负载均衡等都是
有极大帮助的
MySQL 使用3 个线程来执行复制功能(其中1 个在主服务器上,另两个在从服务器上。当发出
START SLAVE时,从服务器创建一个I/O线程,以连接主服务器并让主服务器发送二进制日志。
主服务器创建一个线程将二进制日志中的内容发送到从服务器。从服务器I/O 线程读取主服务
器Binlog Dump线程发送的内容并将该数据拷贝到从服务器数据目录中的本地文件中,即中继
日志。第3个线程是SQL 线程,从服务器使用此线程读取中继日志并执行日志中包含的更新。
SHOW PROCESSLIST语句可以查询在主服务器上和从服务器上发生的关于复制的信息。
默认中继日志使用host_name-relay-bin.nnnnnn 形式的文件名,其中host_name 是从服务
器主机名,nnnnnn是序列号。用连续序列号来创建连续中继日志文件,从000001开始。从服
务器跟踪中继日志索引文件来识别目前正使用的中继日志。默认中继日志索引文件名为
host_name-relay-bin.index。在默认情况,这些文件在从服务器的数据目录中被创建。中继日
志与二进制日志的格式相同,并且可以用mysqlbinlog读取。当SQL 线程执行完中继日志中的
所有事件后,中继日志将会被自动删除。
从服务器在数据目录中另外创建两个状态文件

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