Home Database Mysql Tutorial 用status信息对MySQL服务器进行优化(一)_MySQL

用status信息对MySQL服务器进行优化(一)_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:47 PM
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网上有很多的文章教怎么配置MySQL服务器,但考虑到服务器硬件配置的不同,具体应用的差别,那些文章的做法只能作为初步设置参考,我们需要根据自己的情况进行配置优化,好的做法是MySQL服务器稳定运行了一段时间后运行,根据服务器的”状态”进行优化。

mysql> show global status;

可以列出MySQL服务器运行各种状态值,另外,查询MySQL服务器配置信息语句:

mysql> show variables;

一、慢查询

mysql> show variables like %slow%;
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| log_slow_queries | ON    |
| slow_launch_time | 2     |
+------------------+-------+

mysql> show global status like %slow%;
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name       | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| Slow_launch_threads | 0     |
| Slow_queries        | 4148 |
+---------------------+-------+
配置中打开了记录慢查询,执行时间超过2秒的即为慢查询,系统显示有4148个慢查询,你可以分析慢查询日志,找出有问题的SQL语句,慢查询时间不宜设置过长,否则意义不大,最好在5秒以内,如果你需要微秒级别的慢查询,可以考虑给MySQL打补丁:http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/release:start,记得找对应的版本。

打开慢查询日志可能会对系统性能有一点点影响,如果你的MySQL是主-从结构,可以考虑打开其中一台从服务器的慢查询日志,这样既可以监控慢查询,对系统性能影响又小。

二、连接数

经常会遇见”MySQL: ERROR 1040: Too many connections”的情况,一种是访问量确实很高,MySQL服务器抗不住,这个时候就要考虑增加从服务器分散读压力,另外一种情况是MySQL配置文件中max_connections值过小:

mysql> show variables like max_connections;
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name   | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 256   |
+-----------------+-------+
这台MySQL服务器最大连接数是256,然后查询一下服务器响应的最大连接数:

mysql> show global status like Max_used_connections;
+----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name        | Value |
+----------------------+-------+
| Max_used_connections | 245   |
+----------------------+-------+
MySQL服务器过去的最大连接数是245,没有达到服务器连接数上限256,应该没有出现1040错误,比较理想的设置是:

Max_used_connections / max_connections  * 100% ≈ 85%

最大连接数占上限连接数的85%左右,如果发现比例在10%以下,MySQL服务器连接数上限设置的过高了。

三、Key_buffer_size

key_buffer_size是对MyISAM表性能影响最大的一个参数,下面一台以MyISAM为主要存储引擎服务器的配置:

mysql> show variables like key_buffer_size;
+-----------------+------------+
| Variable_name   | Value      |
+-----------------+------------+
| key_buffer_size | 536870912 |
+-----------------+------------+
分配了512MB内存给key_buffer_size,我们再看一下key_buffer_size的使用情况:

mysql> show global status like key_read%;
+------------------------+-------------+
| Variable_name          | Value       |
+------------------------+-------------+
| Key_read_requests      | 27813678764 |
| Key_reads              | 6798830     |
+------------------------+-------------+
一共有27813678764个索引读取请求,有6798830个请求在内存中没有找到直接从硬盘读取索引,计算索引未命中缓存的概率:

key_cache_miss_rate = Key_reads / Key_read_requests * 100%

比如上面的数据,key_cache_miss_rate为0.0244%,4000个索引读取请求才有一个直接读硬盘,已经很BT了,key_cache_miss_rate在0.1%以下都很好(每1000个请求有一个直接读硬盘),如果key_cache_miss_rate在0.01%以下的话,key_buffer_size分配的过多,可以适当减少。

MySQL服务器还提供了key_blocks_*参数:

mysql> show global status like key_blocks_u%;
+------------------------+-------------+
| Variable_name          | Value       |
+------------------------+-------------+
| Key_blocks_unused      | 0           |
| Key_blocks_used        | 413543      |
+------------------------+-------------+
Key_blocks_unused表示未使用的缓存簇(blocks)数,Key_blocks_used表示曾经用到的最大的blocks数,比如这台服务器,所有的缓存都用到了,要么增加key_buffer_size,要么就是过渡索引了,把缓存占满了。比较理想的设置:

Key_blocks_used / (Key_blocks_unused + Key_blocks_used) * 100% ≈ 80%

四、临时表

mysql> show global status like created_tmp%;
+-------------------------+---------+
| Variable_name           | Value   |
+-------------------------+---------+
| Created_tmp_disk_tables | 21197   |
| Created_tmp_files       | 58      |
| Created_tmp_tables      | 1771587 |
+-------------------------+---------+
每次创建临时表,Created_tmp_tables增加,如果是在磁盘上创建临时表,Created_tmp_disk_tables也增加,Created_tmp_files表示MySQL服务创建的临时文件文件数,比较理想的配置是:

Created_tmp_disk_tables / Created_tmp_tables * 100% 比如上面的服务器Created_tmp_disk_tables / Created_tmp_tables * 100% = 1.20%,应该相当好了。我们再看一下MySQL服务器对临时表的配置:

mysql> show variables where Variable_name in (tmp_table_size, max_heap_table_size);
+---------------------+-----------+
| Variable_name       | Value     |
+---------------------+-----------+
| max_heap_table_size | 268435456 |
| tmp_table_size      | 536870912 |
+---------------------+-----------+
只有256MB以下的临时表才能全部放内存,超过的就会用到硬盘临时表。

五、Open Table情况

mysql> show global status like open%tables%;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| Open_tables   | 919   |
| Opened_tables | 1951  |
+---------------+-------+
Open_tables表示打开表的数量,Opened_tables表示打开过的表数量,如果Opened_tables数量过大,说明配置中table_cache(5.1.3之后这个值叫做table_open_cache)值可能太小,我们查询一下服务器table_cache值:

mysql> show variables like table_cache;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| table_cache   | 2048  |
+---------------+-------+
比较合适的值为:

Open_tables / Opened_tables  * 100% >= 85%
Open_tables / table_cache * 100% bitsCN.com

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