使用MySQL内建复制功能_MySQL
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MySQL内部复制功能是建立在两个或两个以上服务器之间,通过设定它们之间的主-从关系来实现的。其中一个作为主服务器,其它的作为从服务器。本节将详细讨论如何配置两台服务器,将一个设为主服务器,另一个设为从服务器。并且描述一下在它们之间进行切换的处理过程。本节是在MySQL的3.23.25版本上进行的配置设置过程,并且也是在这个版本上进行的测试。MySQL开发人员建议最好使用最新版本,并且主-从服务器均使用相同的版本。同时MySQL 3.23版本仍然是beta测试版,而且这个版本可能不能向下兼容。
配置主服务器
我们将指定两台服务器。A(IP为192.168.0.1)作为主服务器(简称为主机)。B(IP为192.168.0.2)作为从服务器(简称为从机)。
1、建立用于备份的帐号
MySQL的复制功能的实现过程为:从机(B)与主机(A)连接,然后读出主机的二进制更新日志,再将发生的变化合并到自已的数据库中。从机需要一个用户帐号来与主机连接,所以在主机上创建一个帐号,并只给它FILE权限,如下操作:
mysql>GRANT FILE ON *.* TO replicate@192.168.0.2 IDENTIFIED BY password;
为了从机能够与主机连接,要在主机上运行FLUSH PRIVILEGES:
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
不过不要担心,因为我们将在下面的步骤中停掉服务器。
2、修改选项文件
现在我们需要主机数据库的一个快照,并且对主机进行配置,允许生成二进制的更新日志。首先编辑my.cnf文件,以便允许二进制更新日志,所以在[mysqld]部分的下面某个地方增加一行:log-bin。在下一次服务器启动时,主机将生成二进制更新日志(名为:-bin.)。
[mysqld]
log-bin
为了让二进制更新日志有效,关闭MySQL服务程序,然后将主机上的所有数据库目录到另一个目录中,接着重新启动mysqld。
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