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在MySQL中使用更新日志文件_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:47 PM

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你不可能随时备份数据,但你的数据丢失时,或者数据库目录中的文件损坏时, 你只能恢复已经备份的文件,而在这之后的插入或更新的数据,就无能为力了。解决这个问题,就必须使用更新日志。更新日志可以实时记录更新、插入和删除记录的SQL语句。

启用日志

当以--log-update=file_name选项启动时,mysqld将所有更新数据的SQL命令写入记录文件中。文件被写入数据目录并且有一个名字file_name.#,这里#是一个数字,它在每次执行mysqladmin refresh或mysqladmin flush-logs、FLUSH LOGS语句、或重启服务器时加1。

如果你不指定file_name,缺省使用服务器的主机名。

如果你在文件命中指定扩展名,那么更新日志不再使用顺序文件,使用指定的文件。但是当你它在每次执行mysqladmin refresh或mysqladmin flush-logs、FLUSH LOGS语句、或重启服务器时日志文件被清空。

更新记录很聪明,因为它仅仅记载真正更新数据的语句。因此一个用WHERE的UPDATE或DELETE找不到行,它就不被写入记录文件。它甚至跳过将设置一个列为它已经有的值的UPDATE语句。

重写日志

必须着重指出的是,在下列情况之一,将使用新的日志文件――日志文件的顺序自动增加(未指定file_name或者指定的file_name不包括扩展名)或者清空文件(指定的file_name包括扩展名):

命令mysqladmin refresh
命令mysqladmin flush-logs
SQL语句FLUSH LOGS
服务器重新启动

恢复日志内容

对于所有的更新日志文件,你都可以把它指定为mysql客户机的输入,来执行其中的SQL语句,恢复数据。例如:
shell>mysql

但是,你可能因为执行DROP DATABASE误删除了,希望只恢复该数据库的内容,为了这个目的,你可以使用--one-database选项:

shell>mysql --one-database db_name

如果你要批量恢复更新日志的数据,在Unix中可以这样:

$ ls

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