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mysql技巧-mysql(join)联合查询实例精讲_web开发网_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:48 PM
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  今天遇到mysql联合多表查询 无从下手 有些知识好久没用了忘记了 所以就边网上找mysql联合查询的相关资料 然后总结出以下内容 希望web开发网的行为能能大家进行php学习带来帮助 在讲MySQL的J

  今天遇到mysql联合多表查询 无从下手 有些知识好久没用了忘记了 所以就边网上找mysql联合查询的相关资料 然后总结出以下内容

  希望web开发网的行为能能大家进行php学习带来帮助

  在讲MySQL的Join语法前还是先回顾一下联结的语法

  在MYSQL标准中规划的(Join)联结大致分为下面四种:

  1. 内联结:将两个表中存在联结关系的字段符合联结关系的那些记录形成记录集的联结。

  2. 外联结:分为外左联结和外右联结。

  左联结A、B表的意思就是将表A中的全部记录和表B中联结的字段与表A的联结字段符合联结条件的那些记录形成的记录集的联结,这里注意的是最后出来的记录集会包括表A的全部记录。

  右联结A、B表的结果和左联结B、A的结果是一样的,也就是说:

  Select A.name B.name From A Left Join B On A.id=B.id

  和Select A.name B.name From B Right Join A onB.id=A.id执行后的结果是一样的。

  3.全联结:将两个表中存在联结关系的字段的所有记录取出形成记录集的联结(这个不需要记忆,只要是查询中提到了的表的字段都会取出,无论是否符合联结条件,因此意义不大)。

  实例讲解MySQL联合查询.那下面就具体讲讲简单的JOIN的用法了。首先我们假设有2个表A和B,他们的表结构和字段分别为:

  表A:

  ID Name

  1 Tim

  2 Jimmy

  3 John

  4 Tom

  表B:

  ID Hobby

  1 Football

  2 Basketball

  2 Tennis

  4 Soccer

  ======www.iiwnet.com=========

  1. 内联结:

  Select A.Name B.Hobby from A, B where A.id = B.id,这是隐式的内联结,查询的结果是:

  Name Hobby

  Tim Football

  Jimmy Basketball

  Jimmy Tennis

  Tom Soccer

  它的作用和 Select A.Name from A INNER JOIN B ON A.id =B.id是一样的。这里的INNER JOIN换成CROSS JOIN也是可以的。

  2. 外左联结

  Select A.Name from A Left JOIN B ON A.id =B.id,典型的外左联结,这样查询得到的结果将会是保留所有A表中联结字段的记录,若无与其相对应的B表中的字段记录则留空,结果如下:

  Name Hobby

  Tim Football

  Jimmy Basketball,Tennis

  John

  Tom Soccer

  所以从上面结果看出,因为A表中的John记录的ID没有在B表中有对应ID,因此为空,但Name栏仍有John记录。

  3. 外右联结

  如果把上面查询改成外右联结:Select A.Name from A Right JOIN B ON A.id =B.id,则结果将会是:

  Name Hobby

  Tim Football

  Jimmy Basketball

  Jimmy Tennis

  Tom Soccer

  ======www.iiwnet.com=========

  这样的结果都是我们可以从外左联结的结果中猜到的了。

  说到这里大家是否对联结查询了解多了?这个原本看来高深的概念一下子就理解了,恍然大悟了吧(呵呵,开玩笑了)?最后给大家讲讲MySQL联结查询中的某些参数的作用:

  1.USING(column_list):其作用是为了方便书写联结的多对应关系,大部分情况下USING语句可以用ON语句来代替,如下面例子:

  a LEFT JOIN b USING (c1,c2,c3),其作用相当于下面语句

  a LEFT JOIN b ON a.c1=b.c1 AND a.c2=b.c2 AND a.c3=b.c3

  只是用ON来代替会书写比较麻烦而已。

  2.NATURAL [LEFT] JOIN:这个句子的作用相当于INNERJOIN,或者是在USING子句中包含了联结的表中所有字段的Left JOIN(左联结)。

  3.STRAIGHT_JOIN:由于默认情况下MySQL在进行表的联结的时候会先读入左表,当使用了这个参数后MySQL将会先读入右表,这是个MySQL的内置优化参数,大家应该在特定情况下使用,譬如已经确认右表中的记录数量少,在筛选后能大大提高查询速度。

  最后要说的就是,在MySQL5.0以后,运算顺序得到了重视,所以对多表的联结查询可能会错误以子联结查询的方式进行。譬如你需要进行多表联结,因此你输入了下面的联结查询:

  SELECT t1.id,t2.id,t3.id

  FROM t1,t2

  LEFT JOIN t3ON (t3.id=t1.id)

  WHEREt1.id=t2.id;

  但是MySQL并不是这样执行的,其后台的真正执行方式是下面的语句:

  SELECT t1.id,t2.id,t3.id

  FROMt1,( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON(t3.id=t1.id) )

  WHEREt1.id=t2.id;

  这并不是我们想要的效果,所以我们需要这样输入:

  SELECT t1.id,t2.id,t3.id

  FROM(t1,t2)

  LEFT JOIN t3ON (t3.id=t1.id)

  WHEREt1.id=t2.id;

  在这里括号是相当重要的,因此以后在写这样的查询的时候我们不要忘记了多写几个括号,至少这样能避免很多错误(因为这样的错误是很难被开发人员发现的)。

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