5个须警惕的数据库设计错误_MySQL
每个人都会犯错误，但作为数据库管理员，我们应该尽量避免失误，从而为公司降低成本，并确保数据质量。下面的五个数据库设计失误必须引起我们的警惕。
1.选择恰当的数据类型，避免数据库的过度膨胀
请留意数据类型的选择。例如，如果你很清楚某列的数值范围在0-100,000之间，那么就不必使用BIGINT数据类型，因为INT类型就已经足够了。
选择前者意味着，你每插入一条数据就比后者浪费了4个字节。这听起来也许微不足道，但随着数据量的增长，问题将会凸显出来。
2.遵循ISO标准，保证异构数据库系统之间的互通性
大型企业的IT基础架构非常复杂，可能需要不同数据库系统之间的数据交换。我们以TIMESTAMP数据类型为例，在Transact-SQL中定义的TIMESTAMP数据类型与ISO标准有所不同。其它的数据库系统与ISO标准也有所差别。所以，我们要尽可能地遵循ISO标准，以保证异构数据库系统之间的互通性。
3.以恰当的机制实现序列化
保证在数据库中插入记录的序列化非常有必要，许多数据库设计者通过各种机制来确保序列化的应用。一些数据库设计者喜欢在数据库设计中引入GUID，但引入GUID并不是一个好的选择，这是因为GUID默认并非序列化的，使用GUID列作为主键和/或索引甚至会造成性能问题。
4.创建索引时要将外键考虑在内
如果你的数据库中已定义外键，那么在建立索引的时候就要多加留神了，要把这种情况纳入数据库设计的整体之中去。
5.不要忽略与业务需求相关的候选键
数据库设计者不应只将注意力放在代理键上，而忘却业务需求。显然，这对数据质量非常不利。如果你没有在与业务相关的候选键上建立任何约束或索引，可能会出现重复值。
请远离上面的5个数据库设计失误吧，这会帮助你为公司节省成本，并提高数据质量。
原文链接：Do You Make These 5 Database Design Mistakes?
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