11 个开源的面向文档数据库_MySQL
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面向文档的数据库主要设计用来存储、获取以及管理基于文档的或者叫半结构化的数据。也属于 NoSQL 数据库的一种类别。数据存储的最小单位是文档，同一个表中存储的文档属性可以是不同的，数据可以使用 JSON、XML 等多种格式存储。
本文介绍 11 个开源的面向文档的数据库系统：
1. MongoDB
MongoDB 是一个介于关系数据库和非关系数据库之间的产品，是非关系数据库当中功能最丰富，最像关系数据库的。他支持的数据结构非常松散，是类似 json的bjson格式，因此可以存储比较复杂的数据类型。Mongo最大的特点是他支持的查询语言非常强大，其语法有点类似于面向对象的查询语言，几 乎可以实现类似关系数据库单表查询的绝大部分功能，而且还支持对数据建立索引。
2. CouchDB
Apache CouchDB 是一个面向文档的数据库管理系统。它提供以 JSON 作为数据格式的 REST 接口来对其进行操作，并可以通过视图来操纵文档的组织和呈现。 CouchDB 是 Apache 基金会的顶级开源项目。
3. Terrastore
Terrastore是一个基于Terracotta(一 个业界公认的、快速的分布式集群组件)实现的高性能分布式文档数据库。可以动态从运行中的集群添 加/删除节点，而且不需要停机和修改任何配置。支持通过http协议访问Terrastore。Terrastore提供了一个基于集合的键/值接口来管 理JSON文档并且不需要预先定义JSON文档的架构。易于操作，安装一个完整能够运行的集群只需几行命令。
4. RavenDB
RavenDB 是个新的.NET开源文档数据库。下面是一个简单的例子
5. OrientDB
Orient DB 是一个可伸缩的文档数据库，支持 ACID 事务处理。使用 Java 5 实现。
6. ThruDB
Thrudb是一套简单的服务建立在Apache的Thrift的框架，提供索引和文件存储服务的网站建设和推广。其目的是提供Web开发灵活，快速和易于使用的服务，可以加强或取代传统的数据存储和访问层。
7. SisoDB
SisoDb 是一个为 SQL Server 编写的面向文档的 db-provider ，使用 C# 编写，可让你直接在数据库中存储对象。
8. RaptorDB
RaptorDB 是一个很小的、快速的嵌入式 NoSQL 存储模块，使用 B+ 树 或者 MurMur 哈希索引。支持数据持久化到磁盘中存储。
9. CloudKit
CloudKit 提供了模型无关的，可自动版本化的 RESTful 的 JSON 存储，支持 OpenID 和 OAuth，包括 OAuth 发现。
10. Perservere
Persevere - REST JSON 数据库，JavaScript 的分布式计算和持久对象映射框架。
11. Jackrabbit
Apache Jackrabbit 是由 Apache Foundation 提供的 JSR-170 的开放源码实现..
随着内容管理应用程序的日益普及，对用于内容仓库的普通、标准化 API 的需求已凸现出来。Content Repository for Java Technology API (JSR-170) 的目标就是提供这样一个接口。JSR-170 的一个主要优点是，它不绑定到任何特定的底层架构。例如，JSR-170 实现的后端数据存储可以是文件系统、WebDAV 仓库、支持 XML 的系统，甚至还可以是 SQL 数据库。此外，JSR-170 的导出和导入功能允许一个集成器在内容后端与 JCR 实现之间无缝地切换。
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