Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL 在命名用过程中所遇到的常见问题(2)_MySQL

MySQL 在命名用过程中所遇到的常见问题(2)_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:50 PM
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    p_db数据库中所有表的权限,第二条创建一个严格限制访问的用户ro_user(只读用户),只能访问samp_db数据库中的所有表,但只有读取,即用户只能发出SELECT语句。

 

你可以列出一系列同时授予的各个权限。例如,如果你想让用户能读取并能修改现有数据库的内容,但不能创建新表或删除表,如下授予这些权限:

 

GRANT SELECT,INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE ON samp_db TO bill@snake.net INDETIFIED BY "rock"。

 

对于更精致的访问控制,你可以在各个表上授权,或甚至在表的每个列上。当你想向用户隐藏一个表的部分时,或你想让一个用户只能修改特定的列时,列特定权限非常有用。如:

 

GRANT SELECT ON samp_db.member TO bill@localhost

INDETIFIED BY "rock"GRANT UPDATE (eXPiration) ON

 

 

 

第一条语句授予对整个member表的读权限并设置了一个口令,第二条语句增加了UPDATE权限,当只对expiration列。没必要再指定口令,因为第一条语句已经指定了。

 

如果你想对多个列授予权限,指定一个用逗号分开的列表。例如,对assistant用户增加member表的地址字段的UPDATE权限,使用如下语句,新权限将加到用户已有的权限中:

 

GRANT UPDATE (street,city,state,zip) ON samp_db TO assistant@localhost。

 

通常,你不想授予任何比用户确实需要的权限宽的权限。然而,当你想让用户能创建一个临时表以保存中间结果,但你又不想让他们在一个包含他们不应修改内容的数据库中这样做时,发生了要授予在一个数据库上的相对宽松的权限。你可以通过建立一个分开的数据库(如tmp)并授予开数据库上的所有权限来进行。例如,如果你想让来自mars.net域中主机的任何用户使用tmp数据库,你可以发出这样的GRANT语句:GRANT ALL ON tmp.* TO ""@mars.net。

 

在你做完之后,用户可以创建并用tmp.tbl_name形式引用tmp中的表(在用户指定符中的""创建一个匿名用户,任何用户均匹配空白用户名)。

 

用户应该被允许管理权限吗?

 

第一步:

 

你可以允许一个数据库的拥有者通过授予数据库上的所有拥有者权限来控制数据库的访问,在授权时,指定WITH GRANT OPTION。例如:如果你想让alicia能从big.corp.com域的任何主机连接并具有sales数据库中所有表的管理员权限,你可以用如下GRANT语句:

 

GRANT ALL ON sales.* TO alicia@%.big.corp.com

INDETIFIED BY "applejuice" WITH GRANT OPTION

 

在效果上WITH GRANT OPTION子句允许你把访问授权的权利授予另一个用户。要注意,拥有GRANT权限的两个用户可以彼此授权。如果你只给予了第一个用户SELECT权限,而另一个用户有GRANT加上SELECT权限,那么第二个用户可以是第一个用户更“强大”。

 

第二步:

 

撤权并删除用户,要取消一个用户的权限,使用REVOKE语句。REVOKE的语法非常类似于GRANT语句,除了TO用FROM取代并且没有INDETIFED BY和WITH GRANT OPTION子句:

 

REVOKE privileges (columns) ON what FROM user

 

user部分必须匹配原来GRANT语句的你想撤权的用户的user部分。privileges部分不需匹配,你可以用GRANT语句授权,然后用REVOKE语句只撤销部分权限。

 

REVOKE语句只删除权限,而不删除用户。即使你撤销了所有权限,在user表中的用户记录依然保留,这意味着用户仍然可以连接服务器。要完全删除一个用户,你必须用一条DELETE语句明确从user表中删除用户记录:

 

%mysql -u root mysqlmysql>DELETE FROM user

->WH

 

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