


Deciphering the past and present of Python encapsulation and abstract classes
Encapsulation is an important technology inObject-orientedProgramming. It encapsulates data and methods in an object, thus hiding them from the outside. Internal implementation details. In python, encapsulation can be achieved by using attributes or methods starting with __
. For example:
class Person: def __init__(self, name, age): self.__name = name self.__age = age def get_name(self): return self.__name def get_age(self): return self.__age
In the above example, __name
and __age
are private properties and cannot be accessed directly from outside the object. The values of these properties can only be obtained through the get_name()
and get_age()
methods.
Abstract class
Abstract class is a special type of class that cannot be instantiated and can only be inherited. Abstract classes are usually used to define the public interface of a class without providing any concrete implementation. In Python, you can use the ABCMeta
metaclass to create abstract classes. For example:
import abc class AbstractShape(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta): @abc.abstractmethod def get_area(self): pass @abc.abstractmethod def get_perimeter(self): pass
In the above example, AbstractShape
is an abstract class that defines two abstract methods get_area()
and get_perimeter()
. These methods must be implemented in subclasses that inherit AbstractShape
.
The relationship between encapsulation and abstract classes
Encapsulation and abstract classes are complementary techniques in object-oriented programming that can be used together to create more flexible and robust code. Encapsulation helps hide the internal details of an object, while abstract classes help define a public interface and promote code reuse.
For example, we can create a Shape
class that inherits from AbstractShape
and provides a concrete implementation:
class Shape(AbstractShape): def __init__(self, width, height): self.width = width self.height = height def get_area(self): return self.width * self.height def get_perimeter(self): return 2 * self.width 2 * self.height
Shape
class implements the get_area()
and get_perimeter()
methods, and uses encapsulation technology to hide the width
and height
property. This approach allows us to create different shape objects while keeping the public interface consistent.
Summarize
Encapsulation and abstract classes are powerful object-oriented programming techniques in Python that can be used together to create more flexible and robust code. Encapsulation helps hide the internal details of an object, while abstract classes help define a public interface and promote code reuse. By understanding these concepts and applying them to your own code, you can write applications that are more efficient and easier to maintain.
The above is the detailed content of Deciphering the past and present of Python encapsulation and abstract classes. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

According to news from this site on April 17, TrendForce recently released a report, believing that demand for Nvidia's new Blackwell platform products is bullish, and is expected to drive TSMC's total CoWoS packaging production capacity to increase by more than 150% in 2024. NVIDIA Blackwell's new platform products include B-series GPUs and GB200 accelerator cards integrating NVIDIA's own GraceArm CPU. TrendForce confirms that the supply chain is currently very optimistic about GB200. It is estimated that shipments in 2025 are expected to exceed one million units, accounting for 40-50% of Nvidia's high-end GPUs. Nvidia plans to deliver products such as GB200 and B100 in the second half of the year, but upstream wafer packaging must further adopt more complex products.

This website reported on July 9 that the AMD Zen5 architecture "Strix" series processors will have two packaging solutions. The smaller StrixPoint will use the FP8 package, while the StrixHalo will use the FP11 package. Source: videocardz source @Olrak29_ The latest revelation is that StrixHalo’s FP11 package size is 37.5mm*45mm (1687 square millimeters), which is the same as the LGA-1700 package size of Intel’s AlderLake and RaptorLake CPUs. AMD’s latest Phoenix APU uses an FP8 packaging solution with a size of 25*40mm, which means that StrixHalo’s F

Introduction to Axios encapsulation and common methods in Vue Axios is an HTTP library based on Promise. Its advantage is that it has good readability, ease of use and scalability. As a popular front-end framework, Vue also provides full support for Axios. This article will introduce how to encapsulate Axios in Vue, and introduce some commonly used methods of Axios. 1. Axios encapsulation During the development process, we often need to perform some customized encapsulation of Axios, such as

Encapsulation technology and application encapsulation in PHP is an important concept in object-oriented programming. It refers to encapsulating data and operations on data together in order to provide a unified access interface to external programs. In PHP, encapsulation can be achieved through access control modifiers and class definitions. This article will introduce encapsulation technology in PHP and its application scenarios, and provide some specific code examples. 1. Encapsulated access control modifiers In PHP, encapsulation is mainly achieved through access control modifiers. PHP provides three access control modifiers,

By encapsulating code, C++ functions can improve GUI development efficiency: Code encapsulation: Functions group code into independent units, making the code easier to understand and maintain. Reusability: Functions create common functionality that can be reused across applications, reducing duplication and errors. Concise code: Encapsulated code makes the main logic concise and easy to read and debug.

How to implement encapsulation and inheritance in Go language Encapsulation and inheritance are two important concepts in object-oriented programming. They can make the code more modular and maintainable, and also provide convenience for code reuse. This article will introduce how to implement encapsulation and inheritance in Go language and provide corresponding code examples. Encapsulation Encapsulation is to encapsulate data and functions, hide implementation details, and only expose necessary interfaces for external use. In Go language, encapsulation is achieved through exported and non-exported identifiers. Identifiers with capital letters can be accessed by other packages

PHP code encapsulation skills: How to use classes and objects to encapsulate reusable code blocks Summary: During development, we often encounter code blocks that need to be reused. In order to improve the maintainability and reusability of the code, we can use class and object encapsulation techniques to encapsulate these code blocks. This article explains how to use classes and objects to encapsulate reusable blocks of code and provides several concrete code examples. Advantages of using classes and objects to encapsulate. Using classes and objects to encapsulate has the following advantages: 1.1 Improve the maintainability of code by reducing duplication

According to news from this site on July 11, the Economic Daily reported today (July 11) that Foxconn Group has entered the advanced packaging field, focusing on the current mainstream panel-level fan-out packaging (FOPLP) semiconductor solution. 1. Following its subsidiary Innolux, Sharp, invested by Foxconn Group, also announced its entry into Japan's panel-level fan-out packaging field and is expected to be put into production in 2026. Foxconn Group itself has sufficient influence in the AI field, and by making up for its shortcomings in advanced packaging, it can provide "one-stop" services to facilitate the acceptance of more AI product orders in the future. According to public information consulted on this site, Foxconn Group currently holds 10.5% of Sharp's shares. The group stated that it will not increase or reduce its holdings at this stage and will maintain its holdings.
