详解MySQL分组查询Group By实现原理[组图]_MySQL
由于GROUP BY 实际上也同样会进行排序操作,而且与ORDER BY 相比,GROUP BY 主要只是多了排序之后的分组操作。当然,如果在分组的时候还使用了其他的一些聚合函数,那么还需要一些聚合函数的计算。所以,在GROUP BY 的实现过程中,与 ORDER BY 一样也可以利用到索引。
在MySQL 中,GROUP BY 的实现同样有多种(三种)方式,其中有两种方式会利用现有的索引信息来完成 GROUP BY,另外一种为完全无法使用索引的场景下使用。下面我们分别针对这三种实现方式做一个分析。
1.使用松散(Loose)索引扫描实现 GROUP BY
何谓松散索引扫描实现 GROUP BY 呢?实际上就是当 MySQL 完全利用索引扫描来实现 GROUP BY 的时候,并不需要扫描所有满足条件的索引键即可完成操作得出结果。
下面我们通过一个示例来描述松散索引扫描实现 GROUP BY,在示例之前我们需要首先调整一下 group_message 表的索引,将 gmt_create 字段添加到 group_id 和 user_id 字段的索引中:
1 sky@localhost : example 08:49:45> create index idx_gid_uid_gc
2
3 -> on group_message(group_id,user_id,gmt_create);
4
5 Query OK, rows affected (0.03 sec)
6
7 Records: 96 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
8
9 sky@localhost : example 09:07:30> drop index idx_group_message_gid_uid
10
11 -> on group_message;
12
13 Query OK, 96 rows affected (0.02 sec)
14
15 Records: 96 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
然后再看如下 Query 的执行计划:
1 sky@localhost : example 09:26:15> EXPLAIN
2
3 -> SELECT user_id,max(gmt_create)
4
5 -> FROM group_message
6
7 -> WHERE group_id 8
9 -> GROUP BY group_id,user_idG
10
11 *************************** 1. row ***************************
12
13 id: 1
14
15 select_type: SIMPLE
16
17 table: group_message
18
19 type: range
20
21 possible_keys: idx_gid_uid_gc
22
23 key: idx_gid_uid_gc
24
25 key_len: 8
26
27 ref: NULL
28
29 rows: 4
30
31 Extra: Using where; Using index for group-by
32
33 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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