How to use locks to achieve thread safety in Go language

Using locks to achieve thread safety in Go language

With the increasing popularity of concurrent programming, it is particularly important to ensure safe access of data between multiple goroutines. In the Go language, locks can be used to achieve thread safety and ensure that access to shared resources in a concurrent environment will not cause data competition problems. This article will introduce in detail how to use locks to achieve thread safety in the Go language and provide specific code examples.

What is a lock

Lock is a synchronization mechanism commonly used in concurrent programming, which can coordinate access to shared resources between multiple goroutines. Simply put, when a goroutine wants to access a shared resource, it needs to acquire the lock first. If the lock is already held by another goroutine, the current goroutine will be blocked until the lock is acquired. Once the goroutine completes access to the shared resource, the lock needs to be released so that other goroutines can continue to access the shared resource.

In the Go language, you can use the Mutex type provided by the sync package to implement locks. Mutex is a basic mutex lock that ensures that only one goroutine can access shared resources at the same time.

Using locks to achieve thread safety

Below we use a specific example to demonstrate how to use locks to achieve thread safety in the Go language. Suppose we have a global variable count representing a counter, and multiple goroutines need to accumulate it. Without locks, such concurrent operations may lead to data race problems.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

var count int
var mutex sync.Mutex

func increment() {
    mutex.Lock()
    defer mutex.Unlock()
    
    count++
    fmt.Println("Current count:", count)
}

func main() {
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func() {
            defer wg.Done()
            increment()
        }()
    }
    
    wg.Wait()
    fmt.Println("Final count:", count)
}

In the above example, we defined a global variable count and a Mutex type variable mutex. The increment() function is used to accumulate count, and passes mutex.Lock() and mutex.Unlock( before and after each accumulation ) to protect the critical section and ensure that only one goroutine can access count at the same time.

In the main() function, we started 10 goroutines to concurrently execute the increment() function, each time count Accumulation operation. Since we use locks to protect the critical section, even if multiple goroutines access count at the same time, there will be no data race problem.

Summary

Through the above example, we understand how to use locks to achieve thread safety in the Go language. Locks are an important synchronization mechanism that can ensure safe access to shared resources in a concurrent environment. When writing concurrent programs, be sure to handle shared resources carefully to avoid data race problems.

I hope the content of this article can help readers better understand the method of using locks to achieve thread safety in the Go language, and apply this knowledge in actual projects to improve the concurrency performance and stability of the program.

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