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MySQL中的SQL特征[图]_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:56 PM
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    为了与MySQL服务器进行通信,必须熟练掌握SQL。例如,在使用诸如mysql客户机这样的程序时,其功能首先是作为一种发送SQL 语句给服务器执行的工具。而且,如果编写使用编程语言所提供的MySQL接口的程序时,也必须熟悉SQL 语言,因为需要发送SQL 语句与服务器沟通。

    第1章“MySQL与SQL介绍”的教程介绍了许多MySQL功能。本章在该教程的基础上进一步对MySQL的SQL的几个方面进行研究。它讨论了怎样引用数据库的要素,包括命名规则以及区分大小写约束的适用性。它还介绍了许多更为重要的SQL 语句,诸如创建和删除数据库、表和索引的语句;利用连接检索数据的语句;提供关于数据库和表的信息的语句等。这里的介绍还强调了MySQL对标准SQL 进行的某些扩充。

   3.1MySQL中的SQL特征

   MySQL的SQL 语句可分为几大类,如图3-1所示。我们将在本章中介绍图3 - 1中所示的前四类。MySQL的一些实用工具提供了与某些SQL 语句的基本命令行接口的机制。例如,mysqlshow 就是SHOW COLUMNS 语句的一个接口。本章中适当的地方也对这些等效的东西进行介绍。未在本章介绍的一些语句将在其他章中介绍。例如,用于设置用户权限的GRANT和REVOKE 语句在第11章“常规的MySQL管理”中介绍。所有语句的引用语法在附录D“SQL 语法参考”中列出。此外,还可以参看MySQL参考指南( MySQLReference Manual)以获得其他信息,特别是获得MySQL最新版本中所作更改的信息。

MySQL中的SQL特征[图]_MySQL

    本章最后一节介绍MySQL缺少的功能,即一些其他数据库中有的而MySQL中无的功能。例如子选择、事务处理、引用完整性、触发器、存储过程以及视图。缺少这些功能是否意味着MySQL不是一个“真正”的数据库系统?有些人是这样认为的,但据笔者的看法,这些功能的缺乏并未阻止大量人员使用它。这大概是因为,对于大多数应用来说,缺这些功能没什么关系。而其他一些需要这些功能的场合,也有相应的解决办法。例如,缺少级联删除表示从表中删除记录时,可能需要发布一条额外的查询。如果发现利用L O C KTABLES 与UNLOCK TABLES 语句,将各语句分为不中断执行组的MySQL功能已经足够,那么缺少事务处理支持对你来说可能不会产生什么影响。(这里真正的问题不是缺少事务处理;而是自动回退以取消失败的语句。如果有一些应用具有复杂的财务事务处理,比如需要完成涉及必须作为一个组执行的几个互锁语句的处理,那么可能会考虑使用具有提交/回退能力的数据库,如使用P o s t g r e s。)某些缺少的功能将在未来实现。如,MySQL不支持子查询,但已计划在版本3 . 2 4中给出,或许您读到本书时它已经实现了

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