Home Database Mysql Tutorial 带你深入了解MySQL语句优化的基本原则_MySQL

带你深入了解MySQL语句优化的基本原则_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:56 PM
optimization

  MySQL语句优化的基本原则:

  ◆1、使用索引来更快地遍历表。

  缺省情况下建立的索引是非群集索引,但有时它并不是最佳的。在非群集索引下,数据在物理上随机存放在数据页上。合理的索引设计要建立在对各种查询的分析和预测上。一般来说:

  a.有大量重复值、且经常有范围查询( > , =,

  b.经常同时存取多列,且每列都含有重复值可考虑建立组合索引;

  c.组合索引要尽量使关键查询形成索引覆盖,其前导列一定是使用最频繁的列。索引虽有助于提高性能但不是索引越多越好,恰好相反过多的索引会导致系统低效。用户在表中每加进一个索引,维护索引集合就要做相应的更新工作。

  ◆2、在海量查询时尽量少用格式转换。

  ◆3、ORDER BY和GROPU BY使用ORDER BY和GROUP BY短语,任何一种索引都有助于SELECT的性能提高。

  ◆4、任何对列的操作都将导致表扫描,它包括数据库函数、计算表达式等等,查询时要尽可能将操作移至等号右边。

  ◆5、IN、OR子句常会使用工作表,使索引失效。如果不产生大量重复值,可以考虑把子句拆开。拆开的子句中应该包含索引。

  ◆6、只要能满足你的需求,应尽可能使用更小的数据类型:例如使用MEDIUMINT代替INT

  ◆7、尽量把所有的列设置为NOT NULL,如果你要保存NULL,手动去设置它,而不是把它设为默认值。

  ◆8、尽量少用VARCHAR、TEXT、BLOB类型

  ◆9、如果你的数据只有你所知的少量的几个。最好使用ENUM类型

  ◆10、正如graymice所讲的那样,建立索引。

  以下是我做的一个实验,可以发现索引能极大地提高查询的效率:

  我有一个会员信息表users,里边有37365条用户记录:

  在不加索引的时候进行查询:

  sql语句A:

  select * from users where username like '%许%';

  在Mysql-Front中的8次查询时长为:1.40,0.54,0.54,0.54,0.53,0.55,0.54 共找到960条记录

  sql语句B:

  select * from users where username like '许%';

  在Mysql-Front中的8次查询时长为:0.53,0.53,0.53,0.54,0.53,0.53,0.54,0.54 共找到836条记录

  sql语句C:

  select * from users where username like '%许';

  在Mysql-Front中的8次查询时长为:0.51,0.51,0.52,0.52,0.51,0.51,0.52,0.51 共找到7条记录

  为username列添加索引:

  create index usernameindex on users(username(6));

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