Understand concurrency syntax and coding style in Go language

In modern software development, high concurrency is a very common problem. When it comes to handling high-concurrency tasks, the Go language is famous for its powerful concurrency features. The Go language has a unique concurrency mechanism that enables developers to easily write efficient concurrent programs. This article will introduce the concurrency syntax and coding style in Go language.

The concurrency mechanism of Go language is based on Goroutines and Channels. A coroutine is a lightweight thread that can be easily created and destroyed and has its own stack and registers. The channel is a first-in-first-out data structure that can realize secure communication between coroutines.

In the Go language, you can use the keyword go to start a new coroutine. For example:

go func() {
    // 协程代码
}()

The above code will execute the code in the self-executing function in a new coroutine. You can use runtime.NumGoroutine() to check the number of currently running coroutines, for example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "runtime"
)

func main() {
    num := runtime.NumGoroutine()
    fmt.Println(num)
}

The channel can be created through the make function, for example:

ch := make(chan int)

And supports sending and receiving data, for example:

ch <- 5 // 发送数据
x := <-ch // 接收数据

The channel also supports closing operations, use the close function to close, for example:

close(ch)

When using the channel When doing so, the select statement is usually used to perform related operations. The select statement can process multiple channels at the same time and select one of the non-blocking channels for operation. For example:

select {
case x := <-ch1:
    // 对于 ch1 的操作
case y := <-ch2:
    // 对于 ch2 的操作
default:
    // 没有非阻塞的通道
}

In addition to coroutines and channels, the Go language also provides some common concurrency tools, such as: mutex (Mutex), read-write lock (RWMutex) and condition variable (Cond), etc. wait.

When writing concurrent programs in Go language, there are some common coding styles that need to be paid attention to. First of all, you should try to avoid using shared resources such as global variables, because these resources may cause race conditions during concurrent execution. Secondly, tools such as go vet should be used to perform static analysis to check and fix some common concurrency errors. Finally, when performing operations such as caching, the cache should be encapsulated into a separate structure to ensure thread safety.

In short, the Go language provides a powerful and flexible concurrency mechanism, allowing developers to easily write efficient concurrent programs. When writing concurrent programs, there are some common coding styles and best practices to consider to ensure program correctness and reliability.

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