Go language implements efficient data storage and access techniques

Go language, as a high-performance programming language, not only shows excellent performance in fields such as network programming and concurrent programming, but also has high performance in data storage and access. s efficiency. This article will introduce some techniques for data storage and access in Go language, so that you can use Go language more effectively in actual development.

1. Memory pool technology using the standard library

The standard library of the Go language provides memory pool technology, namely sync.Pool. sync.Pool can manage a free list of objects. When an object is needed, an available object will first be taken from the Free List. If the list is empty, a new object will be created through the New function.

Using sync.Pool can effectively reduce the cost of object allocation and recycling. For example, if space is frequently created and released, the system will frequently allocate and recycle memory, which consumes resources. However, using sync.Pool, you can save these memory blocks to the memory pool and take them out directly from the memory pool when reusing them. That's it, avoiding additional memory allocation and release operations.

The following is an example of using sync.Pool:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

type Object struct {
    id int
    // ...
}

func NewObject(id int) *Object {
    return &Object{id: id}
}

func (o *Object) String() string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("Object %d", o.id)
}

func main() {
    pool := sync.Pool{
        New: func() interface{} {
            return &Object{}
        },
    }

    obj1 := pool.Get().(*Object)
    obj1.id = 1

    obj2 := pool.Get().(*Object)
    obj2.id = 2

    fmt.Println(obj1)
    fmt.Println(obj2)

    pool.Put(obj1)
    pool.Put(obj2)

    obj3 := pool.Get().(*Object)
    obj3.id = 3

    obj4 := pool.Get().(*Object)
    obj4.id = 4

    fmt.Println(obj3)
    fmt.Println(obj4)
}

2. Use Map to store data

The map in the Go language is a very efficient data structure that can Used to store key-value data and support fast search and insertion. Using map, data can be stored in memory and the corresponding value can be quickly indexed through key.

You need to pay attention to the following three points when using map:

1. If you need to modify the contents of the map, you can use pointer types to avoid copying the object.
2. If you need to expand the map, you need to pre-allocate enough space.
3. Locks must be used to ensure data consistency when reading and writing maps concurrently.

The following is an example of using map to store data:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

func main() {
    m := make(map[string]*Person)

    m["Tom"] = &Person{Name: "Tom", Age: 18}
    m["Jerry"] = &Person{Name: "Jerry", Age: 20}

    fmt.Println(m["Tom"].Name)
    fmt.Println(m["Jerry"].Age)

    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    var mu sync.Mutex

    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func(i int) {
            defer wg.Done()

            mu.Lock()
            m["Tom"].Age += i
            m["Jerry"].Age += i
            mu.Unlock()
        }(i)
    }

    wg.Wait()

    fmt.Println(m["Tom"].Age)
    fmt.Println(m["Jerry"].Age)
}

3. Using a third-party database

In addition to using memory and map to store data, the Go language also supports Various external databases, such as:

1. Redis: a high-speed, efficient key-value cache database that supports multiple data types, such as strings, lists, sets, etc.
2. MySQL: A popular relational database that supports the SQL query language.
3. MongoDB: A document-based NoSQL database for highly scalable applications.
4. etcd: A distributed key-value storage system used to store key configuration information.

Using third-party databases requires corresponding database drivers and related libraries. For example, you can use the redigo library when using Redis, and the sql library when using MySQL.

The following is an example of using Redis to store data:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/garyburd/redigo/redis"
)

func main() {
    conn, err := redis.Dial("tcp", "localhost:6379")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("redis conn err: ", err)
    }

    _, err = conn.Do("SET", "name", "Tom")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("redis set err: ", err)
    }

    name, err := redis.String(conn.Do("GET", "name"))
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("redis get err: ", err)
    }

    fmt.Println("Redis name: ", name)
}

Summary

This article introduces some Go language implementation techniques for efficient data storage and access, including using the standard library Methods such as memory pool technology, using map to store data, and using third-party databases. These tips can help you use the Go language better and improve the efficiency and performance of your code.

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