新手学PHP和MySQL动态网站开发教程(1)_MySQL
提示:从入门到精通---初学PHP 和 MySQL
这是一个基本的教程。没有怪异的代码,只是一些基础。现在有大量的教程是基于UNIX机器的,这个教程将集中在基于Windows平台上。然而,除了安装部分,有或多或少的针对于Windows的说明外,其它部分对所有的平台都是一样的。顺便说一下,关于安装部分,请看本站的安装指南。在这个教程中,我们将一步一步地建立一个小的网站,使用了PHP和MySQL的下面特性:
1. 查看数据库;
2. 编辑数据库的记录;
3. 修改数据库的记录;
4. 删除数据库的记录。
我们将同时学习MySQL和PHP,一起去感觉它们。本文直接从这里学,如果不会安装配置Apache+PHP+Mysql请查看网页教学网相关文章吧!
先运行web服务器(已增加PHP扩展); 运行MySQL。
创建和操纵一个MySQL数据库:
首先我们需要创建要使用的数据库和表。数据库起名为"example",表名为"tbl",有以下字段:识别号,名,姓和信息。要通过mysql终端完成建库和定义表的工作,只要双击或运行c:/mysql/bin/mysql.exe。
如果要看在MySQL中已经定义了哪些表,可以使用(注意mysql>是终端提示符):
Mysql> show databases;
这个命令可能显示如下信息:
+----------+
| Database |
+----------+
| mysql |
| test |
+----------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
为了定义一个新的数据库(example),键入:
Mysql> create database example;
你将会看到一个回答,如:
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)很发,我们现在有了一个新数据库了。现在我们可以在库中建立一个新表,但首先我们需要先选中新的数据库:
Mysql> use example;
回答应该是:
Database changed
现在我们可以建表了,有如下字段:
索引号 - 整数
用户名 - 最大长度为30的字符串
用户姓 - 最大长度为50的字符串
自由信息 - 最大长度为100的字符串
在MySQL提示符下键入下面的命令来创建表:
MySQL> create table tbl (idx integer(3), UserName varchar(30), LastName varchar(50), FreeText varchar(100));
回答应该是:
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
好,让我们看一下从MySQL提示符下看表是什么样子的,键入命令:
MySQL> show columns from tbl;
我们将得到下面的结果:
以下为引用的内容:
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| idx | int(3) | YES | | NULL | |
| UserName | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
| LastName | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| FreeText | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在这里,我们可以看到刚创建的表"tbl"的内容。
现在让我们看一下表中有什么内容。键入下面的命令:
MySQL> select * from tbl;
这个命令是用来显示表"tbl"中的所有数据的。输出可能是:
Empty set (0.07 sec)之所以得到这个结果,是因为我们还没有在表中插入任何数据。让我们往表中插入一些数据,键入:
MySQL> insert into tbl values (1,'Rafi','Ton','Just a test');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
如上所见,我们插入到表中的值是按照前面我们定义表的顺序,因为使用的是缺省的顺序。我们可以设定数据的顺序,语法如下:
MySQL> insert into tbl (idx,UserName,LastName,FreeText) values (1,'Rafi','Ton','Just a test');
好,现在我们可以再看一下表中的内容:
MySQL> select * from tbl;
这次的结果是:
+------+----------+----------+-------------+
| idx | UserName | LastName | FreeText |
+------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 1 | Rafi | Ton | Just a test |
+------+----------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
现在我们可以看到表的结构和每一个单元格的内容。
现在我们想删除数据。为了实现我们应该键入:
MySQL> delete from tbl where idx=1 limit 1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
好,给出一些解释。我们正在告诉MySQL从"tbl"表中删除记录,删除那些idx字段值为1的记录,并且只限制删除一条记录。如果我们不限制删除记录数为1,那么所有idx为1的记录都将被删除(在这个例子中我们只有一条记录,但是虽然如此,我只是想让这一点更加清楚)。
不幸的是,我们又一次得到了一个空表,所以让我们再输进去:
以下为引用的内容:
MySQL> insert into tbl values (1,'Rafi','Ton','Just a test');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
另一件可以做的事是,修改指定字段的内容,使用"update"命令:
以下为引用的内容:
MySQL>update tbl set UserName='Berber' where UserName='Rafi';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
这个命令将搜索所有UserName为"Rafi"的记录,并将它改为"Berber"。注意,set部分和where部分不一定要一样。我们可以索搜一个字段但是改变另一个字段。而且,我们可以执行两个或更多条件的搜索。
以下为引用的内容:
MySQL>update tbl set UserName='Rafi' where UserName='Berber' and LastName='Ton';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
这个查询搜索了两个字段,改变了UserName的值

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