Home Database Mysql Tutorial SQL教程(4):GROUP BY 和HAVING子句_MySQL

SQL教程(4):GROUP BY 和HAVING子句_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:57 PM
SQL语言

       在介绍GROUP BY 和 HAVING 子句前,我们必需先讲讲sql语言中一种特殊的函数:聚合函数,例如SUM, COUNT, MAX, AVG等。这些函数和其它函数的根本区别就是它们一般作用在多条记录上。
 SELECT SUM(population) FROM bbc 这里的SUM作用在所有返回记录的population字段上,结果就是该查询只返回一个结果,即所有国家的总人口数。

通过使用GROUP BY 子句,可以让SUM 和 COUNT 这些函数对属于一组的数据起作用。当你指定 GROUP BY region 时, 属于同一个region(地区)的一组数据将只能返回一行值.也就是说,表中所有除region(地区)外的字段,只能通过 SUM, COUNT等聚合函数运算后返回一个值.

HAVING子句可以让我们筛选成组后的各组数据. WHERE子句在聚合前先筛选记录.也就是说作用在GROUP BY 子句和HAVING子句前.而 HAVING子句在聚合后对组记录进行筛选。

让我们还是通过具体的实例来理解GROUP BY 和 HAVING 子句,还采用第三节介绍的bbc表。

SQL实例:
一、显示每个地区的总人口数和总面积.
SELECT region, SUM(population), SUM(area)
  FROM bbc
  GROUP BY region
先以region把返回记录分成多个组,这就是GROUP BY的字面含义。分完组后,然后用聚合函数对每组中的不同字段(一或多条记录)作运算。
二、 显示每个地区的总人口数和总面积.仅显示那些面积超过1000000的地区。

SELECT region, SUM(population), SUM(area)
  FROM bbc
  GROUP BY region
  HAVING SUM(area) > 1000000
在这里,我们不能用where来筛选超过1000000的地区,因为表中不存在这样一条记录。相反,HAVING子句可以让我们筛选成组后的各组数据.

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Will R.E.P.O. Have Crossplay?
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Explain InnoDB Full-Text Search capabilities. Explain InnoDB Full-Text Search capabilities. Apr 02, 2025 pm 06:09 PM

InnoDB's full-text search capabilities are very powerful, which can significantly improve database query efficiency and ability to process large amounts of text data. 1) InnoDB implements full-text search through inverted indexing, supporting basic and advanced search queries. 2) Use MATCH and AGAINST keywords to search, support Boolean mode and phrase search. 3) Optimization methods include using word segmentation technology, periodic rebuilding of indexes and adjusting cache size to improve performance and accuracy.

How do you alter a table in MySQL using the ALTER TABLE statement? How do you alter a table in MySQL using the ALTER TABLE statement? Mar 19, 2025 pm 03:51 PM

The article discusses using MySQL's ALTER TABLE statement to modify tables, including adding/dropping columns, renaming tables/columns, and changing column data types.

When might a full table scan be faster than using an index in MySQL? When might a full table scan be faster than using an index in MySQL? Apr 09, 2025 am 12:05 AM

Full table scanning may be faster in MySQL than using indexes. Specific cases include: 1) the data volume is small; 2) when the query returns a large amount of data; 3) when the index column is not highly selective; 4) when the complex query. By analyzing query plans, optimizing indexes, avoiding over-index and regularly maintaining tables, you can make the best choices in practical applications.

Can I install mysql on Windows 7 Can I install mysql on Windows 7 Apr 08, 2025 pm 03:21 PM

Yes, MySQL can be installed on Windows 7, and although Microsoft has stopped supporting Windows 7, MySQL is still compatible with it. However, the following points should be noted during the installation process: Download the MySQL installer for Windows. Select the appropriate version of MySQL (community or enterprise). Select the appropriate installation directory and character set during the installation process. Set the root user password and keep it properly. Connect to the database for testing. Note the compatibility and security issues on Windows 7, and it is recommended to upgrade to a supported operating system.

How do I configure SSL/TLS encryption for MySQL connections? How do I configure SSL/TLS encryption for MySQL connections? Mar 18, 2025 pm 12:01 PM

Article discusses configuring SSL/TLS encryption for MySQL, including certificate generation and verification. Main issue is using self-signed certificates' security implications.[Character count: 159]

Difference between clustered index and non-clustered index (secondary index) in InnoDB. Difference between clustered index and non-clustered index (secondary index) in InnoDB. Apr 02, 2025 pm 06:25 PM

The difference between clustered index and non-clustered index is: 1. Clustered index stores data rows in the index structure, which is suitable for querying by primary key and range. 2. The non-clustered index stores index key values ​​and pointers to data rows, and is suitable for non-primary key column queries.

What are some popular MySQL GUI tools (e.g., MySQL Workbench, phpMyAdmin)? What are some popular MySQL GUI tools (e.g., MySQL Workbench, phpMyAdmin)? Mar 21, 2025 pm 06:28 PM

Article discusses popular MySQL GUI tools like MySQL Workbench and phpMyAdmin, comparing their features and suitability for beginners and advanced users.[159 characters]

How do you handle large datasets in MySQL? How do you handle large datasets in MySQL? Mar 21, 2025 pm 12:15 PM

Article discusses strategies for handling large datasets in MySQL, including partitioning, sharding, indexing, and query optimization.

See all articles