Home Database Mysql Tutorial 如何保护MySQL重要数据_MySQL

如何保护MySQL重要数据_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:59 PM
how Authorize database backup user

 与自动的数据库备份不同,对系统管理员来说,保护数据免受未授权用户的侵犯需要采取一定的行动。如果你用的是MySQL,就可以使用一些方便的功能来保护系统,来大大减少机密数据被未授权用户访问的风险。

 

    企业最有价值的资产通常是其数据库中的客户或产品信息。因此,在这些企业中,数据库管理的一个重要部分就是保护这些数据免受外部攻击,及修复软/硬件故障。

    在大多数情况下,软硬件故障通过数据备份机制来处理。多数数据库都自带有内置的工具自动完成整个过程,所以这方面的工作相对轻松,也不会出错。但麻烦却来自另一面:阻止外来黑客入侵窃取或破坏数据库中的信息。不幸的是,一般没有自动工具解决这一问题;而且,这需要管理员手工设置障碍来阻止黑客,确保公司数据的安全。

    不对数据库进行保护的常见原因是由于这一工作“麻烦”而“复杂”。这确实是事实,但如果你应用MySQL,就可以使用一些方便的功能来显着减少面临的风险。下面列出了六项功能:

    第一步:删除授权表中的通配符

    MySQL访问控制系统通过一系列所谓的授权表运行,从而对数据库、表格或栏目级别的用户访问权利进行定义。但这些表格允许管理员为一名用户设定一揽子许可,或一组应用通配符的表格。这样做会有潜在的危险,因为黑客可能会利用一个受限的账户来访问系统的其他部分。由于这一原因,在设置用户特权时要谨慎,始终保证用户只能访问他们所需的内容。在给个别用户设定超级特权时要尤其小心,因为这种级别允许普通用户修改服务器的基本配置,并访问整个数据库。

    建议:对每个用户账户应用显示特权命令,以审查授权表,了解应用通配符许可是否恰当。

    第二步:要求使用安全密码

    用户账号的安全与用来保护它们的密码密切相关。因此,在安装MySQL时第一件事就应该设置MySQL根账号的密码(默认为空)。修复这一漏洞后,接下来就应要求每个用户账号使用一个密码,且不要使用生日、用户名或字典中的单词这些容易识别的启发式密码。

    建议:应用MySQL-安全-授权选项避免使用旧的,不大安全的MySQL密码格式。

    第三步:检查配置文件许可

    一般来说,要使服务器连接更为快速方便,单个用户和服务器管理员必须把他们的用户账号密码存储在单用户MySQL选项文件中。但是,这种密码是以纯文本形式存储在文件中的,很容易就可以查阅。因此,必须保证这样的单用户配置文件不被系统中的其他用户查阅,且将它存储在非公共的位置。理想情况下,你希望单用户配置文件保存在用户的根目录,许可为0600。

    第四步:加密客户与服务器之间数据传送

    MySQL(及其它)客户与服务器构架的一个重要问题就是通过网络传送数据时的安全问题。如果客户与服务器间的交互以纯文本形式发生,黑客就可能“嗅出”被传送的数据包,从而获得机密信息。你可以通过激活MySQL配置中的SSL,或应用一个OpenSSH这样的安全应用来为传送的数据建立一个安全的加密“通道”,以关闭这一漏洞。以这种形式加密客户与服务器连接可使未授权用户极难查阅往来的数据。

    第五步:禁止远程访问

    如果用户不需要远程访问服务器,你可以迫使所有MySQL连接通过UNIX插槽文件来完成,从而大大减少网络受攻击的风险。这一过程可通过跳过网络选项启动服务器来完成。这样可以阻止TCP/IP网络连接到MySQL上,保证没有用户可以远程连接系统。

    建议:可以在MySQL服务器配置中添加捆绑地址127.0.0.1指令来增强这一功能,迫使MySQL捆绑当地机器的IP地址来保证只有同一系统中的用户可以连接到MySQL。

    第六步:积极监控MySQL访问记录

    MySQL带有许多不同的日志文件,它们记录客户连接,查询和服务器错误。其中,最重要的是一般查询日志,它用时间标签记录每名客户的连接和中断时间,并记录客户执行的每个查询。如果你怀疑发生了不寻常的行为,如网络入侵,那么监控这个日志以了解行为的来源是个好方法。

    保护你的MySQL数据库是一个日常工作。因此,即使完成了上述步骤,你也不应松懈,了解更多安全建议,积极监控并更新系统安全。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Chat Commands and How to Use Them
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

How to use Xiaohongshu account to find users? Can I find my mobile phone number? How to use Xiaohongshu account to find users? Can I find my mobile phone number? Mar 22, 2024 am 08:40 AM

With the rapid development of social media, Xiaohongshu has become one of the most popular social platforms. Users can create a Xiaohongshu account to show their personal identity and communicate and interact with other users. If you need to find a user’s Xiaohongshu number, you can follow these simple steps. 1. How to use Xiaohongshu account to find users? 1. Open the Xiaohongshu APP, click the "Discover" button in the lower right corner, and then select the "Notes" option. 2. In the note list, find the note posted by the user you want to find. Click to enter the note details page. 3. On the note details page, click the "Follow" button below the user's avatar to enter the user's personal homepage. 4. In the upper right corner of the user's personal homepage, click the three-dot button and select "Personal Information"

Local users and groups are missing on Windows 11: How to add it Local users and groups are missing on Windows 11: How to add it Sep 22, 2023 am 08:41 AM

The Local Users and Groups utility is built into Computer Management and can be accessed from the console or independently. However, some users find that local users and groups are missing in Windows 11. For some people who have access to it, the message suggests that this snap-in may not work with this version of Windows 10. To manage user accounts for this computer, use the User Accounts tool in Control Panel. The issue has been reported in previous iterations of Windows 10 and is usually caused by issues or oversights on the user's side. Why are local users and groups missing in Windows 11? You are running Windows Home edition, local users and groups are available on Professional edition and above. Activity

Log in to Ubuntu as superuser Log in to Ubuntu as superuser Mar 20, 2024 am 10:55 AM

In Ubuntu systems, the root user is usually disabled. To activate the root user, you can use the passwd command to set a password and then use the su- command to log in as root. The root user is a user with unrestricted system administrative rights. He has permissions to access and modify files, user management, software installation and removal, and system configuration changes. There are obvious differences between the root user and ordinary users. The root user has the highest authority and broader control rights in the system. The root user can execute important system commands and edit system files, which ordinary users cannot do. In this guide, I'll explore the Ubuntu root user, how to log in as root, and how it differs from a normal user. Notice

Explore Windows 11 guide: How to access user folders on your old hard drive Explore Windows 11 guide: How to access user folders on your old hard drive Sep 27, 2023 am 10:17 AM

Certain folders are not always accessible due to permissions, and in today’s guide we will show you how to access user folders on your old hard drive on Windows 11. The process is simple but can take a while, sometimes even hours, depending on the size of the drive, so be extra patient and follow the instructions in this guide closely. Why can't I access my user folders on my old hard drive? User folders are owned by another computer, so you cannot modify them. You don't have any permissions on the folder other than ownership. How to open user files on old hard drive? 1. Take ownership of the folder and change permissions Find the old user directory, right-click on it and select Properties. Navigate to "An

Tutorial: How to delete a normal user account in Ubuntu system? Tutorial: How to delete a normal user account in Ubuntu system? Jan 02, 2024 pm 12:34 PM

Many users have been added to the Ubuntu system. I want to delete the users that are no longer in use. How to delete them? Let’s take a look at the detailed tutorial below. 1. Open the terminal command line and use the userdel command to delete the specified user. Be sure to add the sudo permission command, as shown in the figure below. 2. When deleting, be sure to be in the administrator directory. Ordinary users do not have this permission. , as shown in the figure below 3. After the delete command is executed, how to judge whether it has been truly deleted? Next we use the cat command to open the passwd file, as shown in the figure below 4. We see that the deleted user information is no longer in the passwd file, which proves that the user has been deleted, as shown in the figure below 5. Then we enter the home file

How to upgrade win10 enterprise version 2016 long-term service version to professional version How to upgrade win10 enterprise version 2016 long-term service version to professional version Jan 03, 2024 pm 11:26 PM

When we no longer want to continue using the current Win10 Enterprise Edition 2016 Long-Term Service Edition, we can choose to switch to the Professional Edition. The method is also very simple. We only need to change some contents and install the system image. How to change win10 enterprise version 2016 long-term service version to professional version 1. Press win+R, and then enter "regedit" 2. Paste the following path directly in the address bar above: Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion3 , then find the EditionID and replace the content with "professional" to confirm

What is sudo and why is it important? What is sudo and why is it important? Feb 21, 2024 pm 07:01 PM

sudo (superuser execution) is a key command in Linux and Unix systems that allows ordinary users to run specific commands with root privileges. The function of sudo is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Providing permission control: sudo achieves strict control over system resources and sensitive operations by authorizing users to temporarily obtain superuser permissions. Ordinary users can only obtain temporary privileges through sudo when needed, and do not need to log in as superuser all the time. Improved security: By using sudo, you can avoid using the root account during routine operations. Using the root account for all operations may lead to unexpected system damage, as any mistaken or careless operation will have full permissions. and

Windows 11 KB5031455 fails to install, causing other issues for some users Windows 11 KB5031455 fails to install, causing other issues for some users Nov 01, 2023 am 08:17 AM

Microsoft began rolling out KB2 to the public as an optional update for Windows 503145511H22 or later. This is the first update to enable Windows 11 Moment 4 features by default, including Windows Copilot in supported areas, preview support for items in the Start menu, ungrouping of the taskbar, and more. Additionally, it fixes several Windows 11 bugs, including potential performance issues that caused memory leaks. But ironically, the optional update for September 2023 will be a disaster for users trying to install the update, or even for those who have already installed it. Many users will not install this Wi

See all articles