Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL数据库优化概述三_MySQL

MySQL数据库优化概述三_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:59 PM
Database optimization surface

Using where

  WHERE 子句将用来限制哪些记录匹配了下一个表或者发送给客户端。除非你特别地想要取得或者检查表种的所有记录,否则的话当查询的 Extra 字段值不是 Using where 并且表连接类型是 ALL 或 index 时可能表示有问题。

  如果你想要让查询尽可能的快,那么就应该注意 Extra 字段的值为Using filesort 和 Using temporary 的情况。

  你可以通过 EXPLAIN 的结果中 rows 字段的值的乘积大概地知道本次连接表现如何。它可以粗略地告诉我们MySQL在查询过程中会查询多少条记录。如果是使用系统变量 max_join_size 来取得查询结果,这个乘积还可以用来确定会执行哪些多表 SELECT 语句。详情请看"7.5.2 Tuning Server Parameters"。

  下面的例子展示了如何通过 EXPLAIN 提供的信息来较大程度地优化多表联合查询的性能。

  假设有下面的 SELECT 语句,正打算用 EXPLAIN 来检测:


EXPLAIN SELECT tt.TicketNumber, tt.TimeIn,
            tt.ProjectReference, tt.EstimatedShipDate,
            tt.ActualShipDate, tt.ClientID,
            tt.ServiceCodes, tt.RepetitiveID,
            tt.CurrentProcess, tt.CurrentDPPerson,
            tt.RecordVolume, tt.DPPrinted, et.COUNTRY,
            et_1.COUNTRY, do.CUSTNAME
        FROM tt, et, et AS et_1, do
        WHERE tt.SubmitTime IS NULL
            AND tt.ActualPC = et.EMPLOYID
            AND tt.AssignedPC = et_1.EMPLOYID
            AND tt.ClientID = do.CUSTNMBR;
 


  在这个例子中,先做以下假设:

  • 要比较的字段定义如下:
    Table Column Column Type
    tt ActualPC CHAR(10)
    tt AssignedPC CHAR(10)
    tt ClientID CHAR(10)
    et EMPLOYID CHAR(15)
    do CUSTNMBR CHAR(15)

  • 数据表的索引如下:
    Table Index
    tt ActualPC
    tt AssignedPC
    tt ClientID
    et EMPLOYID (primary key)
    do CUSTNMBR (primary key)

  • tt.ActualPC 的值是不均匀分布的。

      在任何优化措施未采取之前,经过 EXPLAIN 分析的结果显示如下:

    table type possible_keys key  key_len ref  rows  Extra
    et    ALL  PRIMARY       NULL NULL    NULL 74
    do    ALL  PRIMARY       NULL NULL    NULL 2135
    et_1  ALL  PRIMARY       NULL NULL    NULL 74
    tt    ALL  AssignedPC,   NULL NULL    NULL 3872
               ClientID,
               ActualPC
          range checked for each record (key map: 35)

      由于字段 type 的对于每个表值都是 ALL,这个结果意味着MySQL对所有的表做一个迪卡尔积;这就是说,每条记录的组合。这将需要花很长的时间,因为需要扫描每个表总记录数乘积的总和。在这情况下,它的积是 74 * 2135 * 74 * 3872 = 45,268,558,720 条记录。如果数据表更大的话,你可以想象一下需要多长的时间。

      在这里有个问题是当字段定义一样的时候,MySQL就可以在这些字段上更快的是用索引(对 ISAM 类型的表来说,除非字段定义完全一样,否则不会使用索引)。在这个前提下,VARCHAR 和 CHAR是一样的除非它们定义的长度不一致。由于 tt.ActualPC 定义为 CHAR(10),et.EMPLOYID 定义为 CHAR(15),二者长度不一致。

      为了解决这个问题,需要用 ALTER TABLE 来加大 ActualPC 的长度从10到15个字符

    mysql> ALTER TABLE tt MODIFY ActualPC VARCHAR(15);

      现在 tt.ActualPC 和 et.EMPLOYID 都是 VARCHAR(15)

      了。再来执行一次 EXPLAIN 语句看看结果:


    table type   possible_keys key     key_len ref         rows    Extra
    tt    ALL    AssignedPC,   NULL    NULL    NULL        3872    Using
                 ClientID,                                         where
                 ActualPC
    do    ALL    PRIMARY       NULL    NULL    NULL        2135
          range checked for each record (key map: 1)
    et_1  ALL    PRIMARY       NULL    NULL    NULL        74
          range checked for each record (key map: 1)
    et    eq_ref PRIMARY       PRIMARY 15      tt.ActualPC 1

      这还不够,它还可以做的更好:现在 rows 值乘积已经少了74倍。这次查询需要用2秒钟。

      第二个改变是消除在比较 tt.AssignedPC = et_1.EMPLOYID 和 tt.ClientID = do.CUSTNMBR 中字段的长度不一致问题:

    mysql> ALTER TABLE tt MODIFY AssignedPC VARCHAR(15),
        ->                MODIFY ClientID   VARCHAR(15);

      现在 EXPLAIN 的结果如下:


    table type   possible_keys key      key_len ref           rows Extra
    et    ALL    PRIMARY       NULL     NULL    NULL          74
    tt    ref    AssignedPC,   ActualPC 15      et.EMPLOYID   52   Using
                 ClientID,                                         where
                 ActualPC
    et_1  eq_ref PRIMARY       PRIMARY  15      tt.AssignedPC 1
    do    eq_ref PRIMARY       PRIMARY  15      tt.ClientID   1

      这看起来已经是能做的最好的结果了。

      遗留下来的问题是,MySQL默认地认为字段tt.ActualPC 的值是均匀分布的,然而表 tt 并非如此。幸好,我们可以很方便的让MySQL分析索引的分布:  


    mysql> ANALYZE TABLE tt;

      到此为止,表连接已经优化的很完美了,EXPLAIN 的结果如下:

  • Statement of this Website
    The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

    Hot AI Tools

    Undresser.AI Undress

    Undresser.AI Undress

    AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

    AI Clothes Remover

    AI Clothes Remover

    Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

    Undress AI Tool

    Undress AI Tool

    Undress images for free

    Clothoff.io

    Clothoff.io

    AI clothes remover

    AI Hentai Generator

    AI Hentai Generator

    Generate AI Hentai for free.

    Hot Article

    R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
    3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
    R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
    3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
    R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
    3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
    WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
    3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

    Hot Tools

    Notepad++7.3.1

    Notepad++7.3.1

    Easy-to-use and free code editor

    SublimeText3 Chinese version

    SublimeText3 Chinese version

    Chinese version, very easy to use

    Zend Studio 13.0.1

    Zend Studio 13.0.1

    Powerful PHP integrated development environment

    Dreamweaver CS6

    Dreamweaver CS6

    Visual web development tools

    SublimeText3 Mac version

    SublimeText3 Mac version

    God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

    How does Hibernate optimize database query performance? How does Hibernate optimize database query performance? Apr 17, 2024 pm 03:00 PM

    Tips for optimizing Hibernate query performance include: using lazy loading to defer loading of collections and associated objects; using batch processing to combine update, delete, or insert operations; using second-level cache to store frequently queried objects in memory; using HQL outer connections , retrieve entities and their related entities; optimize query parameters to avoid SELECTN+1 query mode; use cursors to retrieve massive data in blocks; use indexes to improve the performance of specific queries.

    How to improve the access speed of Python website through database optimization? How to improve the access speed of Python website through database optimization? Aug 07, 2023 am 11:29 AM

    How to improve the access speed of Python website through database optimization? Summary When building a Python website, a database is a critical component. If the database access speed is slow, it will directly affect the performance and user experience of the website. This article will discuss some ways to optimize your database to improve the access speed of your Python website, along with some sample code. Introduction For most Python websites, the database is a key part of storing and retrieving data. If not optimized, the database can become a performance bottleneck. Book

    Spring Boot performance optimization tips: create applications as fast as the wind Spring Boot performance optimization tips: create applications as fast as the wind Feb 25, 2024 pm 01:01 PM

    SpringBoot is a popular Java framework known for its ease of use and rapid development. However, as the complexity of the application increases, performance issues can become a bottleneck. In order to help you create a springBoot application as fast as the wind, this article will share some practical performance optimization tips. Optimize startup time Application startup time is one of the key factors of user experience. SpringBoot provides several ways to optimize startup time, such as using caching, reducing log output, and optimizing classpath scanning. You can do this by setting spring.main.lazy-initialization in the application.properties file

    How to improve MySQL performance by using composite indexes How to improve MySQL performance by using composite indexes May 11, 2023 am 11:10 AM

    In the MySQL database, indexing is a very important means of performance optimization. When the amount of data in the table increases, inappropriate indexes can cause queries to slow down or even cause database crashes. In order to improve database performance, indexes need to be used rationally when designing table structures and query statements. Composite index is a more advanced indexing technology that improves query efficiency by combining multiple fields as indexes. In this article, we will detail how to improve MySQL performance by using composite indexes. What is composite index composite

    Java Spring Boot Security performance optimization: make your system fly Java Spring Boot Security performance optimization: make your system fly Feb 19, 2024 pm 05:27 PM

    1. Code optimization to avoid using too many security annotations: In Controller and Service, try to reduce the use of @PreAuthorize and @PostAuthorize and other annotations. These annotations will increase the execution time of the code. Optimize query statements: When using springDataJPA, optimizing query statements can reduce database query time, thereby improving system performance. Caching security information: Caching some commonly used security information can reduce the number of database accesses and improve the system's response speed. 2. Use indexes for database optimization: Creating indexes on tables that are frequently queried can significantly improve the query speed of the database. Clean logs and temporary tables regularly: Clean logs and temporary tables regularly

    From a technical perspective, why can Oracle beat MySQL? From a technical perspective, why can Oracle beat MySQL? Sep 08, 2023 pm 04:15 PM

    From a technical perspective, why can Oracle beat MySQL? In recent years, database management systems (DBMS) have played a vital role in data storage and processing. Oracle and MySQL, two popular DBMSs, have always attracted much attention. However, from a technical perspective, Oracle is more powerful than MySQL in some aspects, so Oracle is able to defeat MySQL. First, Oracle excels at handling large-scale data. Oracl

    How to implement the statement to view table data in MySQL? How to implement the statement to view table data in MySQL? Nov 08, 2023 pm 01:40 PM

    Title: Statements and specific code examples for viewing table data in MySQL MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in applications of all sizes. In MySQL, viewing table data is a very basic operation. The following will introduce how to implement this operation through specific statements and code examples. First, we will introduce the statements and specific code examples for viewing table data through the MySQL command line tool. Suppose we have a table named "employees", the following is the pass

    Common database problems in Linux systems and their solutions Common database problems in Linux systems and their solutions Jun 18, 2023 pm 03:36 PM

    With the continuous development of computer technology and the continuous growth of data scale, database has become a vital technology. However, there are some common problems encountered when using databases in Linux systems. This article will introduce some common database problems in Linux systems and their solutions. Database connection problems When using a database, problems such as connection failure or connection timeout sometimes occur. These problems may be caused by database configuration errors or insufficient access rights. Solution: Check the database configuration file to make sure

    See all articles