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如何实现两台MySQL数据库数据的同步_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:00 PM
Install Database synchronization

做开发的时候要做Mysql的数据库同步,两台安装一样的系统,都是FreeBSD5.4,安装了Apache 2.0.55和PHP 4.4.0,Mysql的版本是4.1.15,都是目前最新的版本。

1. 安装配置

两台服务器,分别安装好Mysql,都安装在 /usr/local/mysql 目录下(安装步骤省略,请参考相关文档),两台服务器的IP分别是192.168.0.1和192.168.0.2,我们把192.168.0.1作为master数据库,把192.168.0.2作为slave服务器,我们采用单向同步的方式,就是master的数据是主的数据,然后slave主动去master哪儿同步数据回来。

两台服务器的配置一样,我们把关键的配置文件拷贝一下,默认的配置文件是在 /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql目录下,分别有 my-large.cnf, my-medium.cnf, my-small.cnf等几个文家,我们只是测试,使用my-medium.cnf就行了。mysql安装完后,默认的配置文件是指定在数据库存放目录下的,我们用的是4.1.X的,所以配置文件就应该在 /usr/local/mysql/var 目录下,于是把配置文件拷贝过去:

cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf  /usr/local/mysql/var/my.cnf
两台服务器做相同的拷贝配置文件操作。

2. 配置Master服务器

我们要把192.168.0.1配置为主mysql服务器(master),那么我们就要考虑我们需要同步那个数据库,使用那个用户同步,我们这里为了简单起见,就使用root用户进行同步,并且只需要同步数据库abc。

打开配置文件:

vi /usr/local/mysql/var/my.cnf
找到一下信息:

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set# but will not function as a master if omittedserver-id        = 1    //1为master,2为salve
添加两行:

sql-bin-update-same     //同步形式binlog-do-db     = abc  //要同步的数据库
重启192.168.0.1的mysql服务器:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
3. 配置Slave服务器

我们的slave服务器主要是主动去master服务器同步数据回来,我们编辑配置文件:

vi /usr/local/mysql/var/my.cnf
找到下面类似的信息:

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set# but will not function as a master if omittedserver-id        = 1
把上面的server-id修改为2,同时添加一些信息:

server-id                   = 2                        //本Mysql是slave服务器master-host             = 192.168.0.1    //master服务器的IPmaster-user             = root                  //连接master服务器的用户master-password   = ''                        //连接master服务器的密码master-port              = 3306                //连接端口master-connect-retry    = 10              //重试次数replicate-do-db        = abc                  //要同步的数据库log-slave-updates                              //同步的形式
重启192.168.0.2的mysql服务器:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
4. 测试安装

首先查看一下slave的主机日志:

cat /usr/local/mysql/var/xxxxx_err (xxx是主机名)
检查是否连接正常, 看到类似这样的信息就成功了

051031 11:42:40  mysqld started051031 11:42:41  InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 43634/usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections.Version: '4.1.15-log'  socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  Source distribution051031 11:42:41 [Note] Slave SQL thread initialized, starting replication in log 'FIRST' at position 0, relay log './new4-relay-bin.000001' position: 4051031 11:43:21 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'root@192.168.0.1:3306',  replication started in log 'FIRST' at position 4
在Master查看信息

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root
查看master状态:

mysql> show master status;
查看Master下mysql进程信息:

mysql> show processlist;
在slave上查看信息:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root
查看slave状态:

mysql> show slave status;
查看slave下mysql进程信息:

mysql> show processlist;
你再在master的abc库里建立表结构并且插入数据,然后检查slave有没有同步这些数据,就能够检查出是否设置成功。

最后,如果有兴趣的话,可以研究一下双击热备份,或者一台master,多台slave的同步实现

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