Mysql中的转义字符_MySQL
字符串是多个字符组成的一个字符序列,由单引号(“'”) 或双引号 (“"”) 字符包围。(但在 ANSI 模式中运行时只能用单引号)。
例如:
'a string'
"another string"
在一个字符串中,如果某个序列具有特殊的含义,每个序列以反斜线符号 (“/”)开头,称为转义字符。 MySQL 识别下列转义字符:
/0
一个 ASCII 0 (NUL) 字符。
/'
一个 ASCII 39 单引号 (“'”) 字符。
/"
一个 ASCII 34 双引号 (“"”) 字符。
/b
一个 ASCII 8 退格符。
/n
一个 ASCII 10 换行符。
/r
一个 ASCII 13 回车符。
/t
一个 ASCII 9 制表符(TAB)。
/z
ASCII(26) (Control-Z)。这个字符可以处理在 Windows 系统中 ASCII(26) 代表一个文件的结束的问题。(当使用 mysql database //
一个 ASCII 92 反斜线 (“/”) 字符。
/%
一个 ASCII 37 “%” 字符。它用于在正文中搜索“%”的文字实例,否则这里“%”将解释为一个通配符。查看章节 6.3.2.1 字符串比较函数。
/_
一个 ASCII 95 “_” 字符。它用于在正文中搜索“_”的文字实例,否则这里“_”将解释为一个通配符。查看章节 6.3.2.1 字符串比较函数.
注意如果在某些正文环境内使用 “/%” 或 “/_”,将返回字符串 “/%” 和 “/_” 而不是 “%” 和 “_”。
字符串中包含引号的可以有下列几种写法:
一个字符串用单引号“'”来引用的,该字符串中的单引号“'”字符可以用“''”方式转义。
一个字符串用双引号“"”来引用的,该字符串中的“"”字符可以用“""”方式转义。
你也可以继续使用在引号前加一个转义字符“/”来转义的方式。
一个字符串用双引号“"”来引用的,该字符串中的单引号“'”不需要特殊对待而且不必被重复或转义。同理,一个字符串用单引号“'”来引用的,该字符串中的双引号“"”不需要特殊对待而且不必被重复或转义。
下面显示的 SELECT 演示引号和转义是如何工作:
mysql> SELECT 'hello', '"hello"', '""hello""', 'hel''lo', '/'hello';
+-------+---------+-----------+--------+--------+
| hello | "hello" | ""hello"" | hel'lo | 'hello |
+-------+---------+-----------+--------+--------+
mysql> SELECT "hello", "'hello'", "''hello''", "hel""lo", "/"hello";
+-------+---------+-----------+--------+--------+
| hello | 'hello' | ''hello'' | hel"lo | "hello |
+-------+---------+-----------+--------+--------+
mysql> SELECT "This/nIs/nFour/nlines";
+--------------------+
| This
Is
Four
lines |
+--------------------+
如果你想要把二进制数据插入到一个字符类型的字段中(例如BLOB),下列字符必须由转义序列表示:
NUL
ASCII 0,你应该用 “/0”(一个反斜线和一个ASCII “0”字符)表示它。
/
ASCII 92,反斜线。需要用 “//” 表示。
'
ASCII 39,单引号。需要用 “/'” 表示。
"
ASCII 34,双引号。需要用 “/"” 表示。
如果你写 C 代码,你可以使用 C API 函数mysql_real_escape_string() 来为 INSERT 语句转义字符。查看章节 8.1.2 C API 函数概述。在 Perl 中,你可以使用 DBI 包中的 quote 方法来将这些特殊字符转换成适当的转义序列。查看章节 8.5.2 DBI 接口。
你应该在任何可能包含上述特殊字符的字符串中使用转义函数!
另外,很多 MySQL API 提供了一些占位符处理能力,这允许你在查询语句中插入特殊标记,然后在执行查询时对它们绑定数据值。这样,API 会自动为你从数值中转换它们

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