Home Database Mysql Tutorial Monty说MySQL的优化(三)_MySQL

Monty说MySQL的优化(三)_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:00 PM

十一、维护

  如果可能,偶尔运行一下OPTIMIZE table,这对大量更新的变长行非常重要。

  偶尔用myisamchk -a更新一下表中的键码分布统计。记住在做之前关掉MySQL。

  如果有碎片文件,可能值得将所有文件复制到另一个磁盘上,清除原来的磁盘并拷回文件。

  如果遇到问题,用myisamchk或CHECK table检查表。

  用mysqladmin -i10 precesslist extended-status监控MySQL的状态。

  用MySQL GUI客户程序,你可以在不同的窗口内监控进程列表和状态。

  使用mysqladmin debug获得有关锁定和性能的信息。

  十二、优化SQL

  扬SQL之长,其它事情交由应用去做。使用SQL服务器来做:

  找出基于WHERE子句的行。

  JOIN表

  GROUP BY

  ORDER BY

  DISTINCT

  不要使用SQL来做:

  检验数据(如日期)

  成为一只计算器

  技巧:

  明智地使用键码。

  键码适合搜索,但不适合索引列的插入/更新。

  保持数据为数据库第三范式,但不要担心冗余信息或这如果你需要更快的速度,创建总结表。

  在大表上不做GROUP BY,相反创建大表的总结表并查询它。

  UPDATE table set count=count+1 where key_column=constant非常快。

  对于大表,或许最好偶尔生成总结表而不是一直保持总结表。

  充分利用INSERT的默认值。

  十三、不同SQL服务器的速度差别(以秒计)

  通过键码读取2000000行: NT Linux

  mysql 367 249

  mysql_odbc 464  

  db2_odbc 1206  

  informix_odbc 121126  

  ms-sql_odbc 1634  

  oracle_odbc 20800  

  solid_odbc 877  

  sybase_odbc 17614  

  插入350768行: NT Linux

  mysql 381 206

  mysql_odbc 619  

  db2_odbc 3460  

  informix_odbc 2692  

  ms-sql_odbc 4012  

  oracle_odbc 11291  

  solid_odbc 1801  

  sybase_odbc 4802  

  在上述测试中,MySQL配置8M高速缓存运行,其他数据库以默认安装运行。

  十四、重要的MySQL启动选项

  back_log 如果需要大量新连接,修改它。

  thread_cache_size 如果需要大量新连接,修改它。

  key_buffer_size 索引页池,可以设成很大。

  bdb_cache_size BDB表使用的记录和键吗高速缓存。

  table_cache 如果有很多的表和并发连接,修改它。

  delay_key_write 如果需要缓存所有键码写入,设置它。

  log_slow_queries 找出需花大量时间的查询。

  max_heap_table_size 用于GROUP BY

  sort_buffer 用于ORDER BY和GROUP BY

  myisam_sort_buffer_size 用于REPAIR TABLE

  join_buffer_size 在进行无键吗的联结时使用。

  十五、优化表

  MySQL拥有一套丰富的类型。你应该对每一列尝试使用最有效的类型。

  ANALYSE过程可以帮助你找到表的最优类型:SELECT * FROM table_name PROCEDURE ANALYSE()。

  对于不保存NULL值的列使用NOT NULL,这对你想索引的列尤其重要。

  将ISAM类型的表改为MyISAM。

  如果可能,用固定的表格式创建表。

  不要索引你不想用的东西。

  利用MySQL能按一个索引的前缀进行查询的事实。如果你有索引INDEX(a,b),你不需要在a上的索引。

  不在长CHAR/VARCHAR列上创建索引,而只索引列的一个前缀以节省存储空间。CREATE TABLE table_name (hostname CHAR(255) not null, index(hostname(10)))

  对每个表使用最有效的表格式。

  在不同表中保存相同信息的列应该有同样的定义并具有相同的列名

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