Detailed explanation of the similarities and differences between methods and functions in Go language

In Go, methods are related to types and can be called through type name.method name to modify the receiver value; while functions are independent of types and can be called directly through function names. The difference between methods and functions: methods are related to types, and functions are independent of types. Methods are called through type name.method name, and functions are called directly through function names. Methods can modify the receiver value, but functions cannot.

Methods and functions in Go language

Background

In Go language, methods and functions are code blocks, used for Perform specific tasks. However, there are some key differences between them.

Methods

Methods are associated with a specific type. They are members of the value of that type and can therefore be called using the type name followed by a dot.

type Person struct {
    name string
}

func (p Person) Greet() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, my name is", p.name)
}

In the above example, Greet is a method of type Person, which can be accessed through p.Greet()transfer.

Function

Function is a type-independent block of code. They are defined using the func keyword and can be called directly by their function name.

func Greet(name string) {
    fmt.Println("Hello,", name)
}

In the above example, Greet is a function that is called via Greet("John"), where "John" is passed as a parameter.

Similarities and Differences

Related to a specific typeIndependent of typeType name.Method nameFunction nameYou can pass Inaccessible

Features	Method	Function
##Associated type
Calling syntax
Access receiver	this or *thisAccess type value

Practical case

Scenario: Write a program to manage student records.

Implementation:

type Student struct {
    name string
    age int
}

func (s *Student) GetName() string {
    return s.name
}

func (s *Student) SetName(name string) {
    s.name = name
}

func main() {
    student := &Student{"John", 20}
    fmt.Println(student.GetName()) // 输出："John"
    student.SetName("Jane")
    fmt.Println(student.GetName()) // 输出："Jane"
}

In this example, the

Student type has a GetName method that is used to retrieve the student's name, and a SetName method for setting the student's name. By using a pointer receiver (*Student), a method can modify the receiver value.

Function

mainCreates a structure of type Student and uses its methods to manage student data.

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