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MySQL Order By 实现原理分析_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:02 PM

    总的来说,在 MySQL 中的ORDER BY有两种排序实现方式,一种是利用有序索引获取有序数据,另一种则是通过相应的排序算法,将取得的数据在内存中进行排序。

  下面将通过实例分析两种排序实现方式及实现图解:

  假设有 Table A 和 B 两个表结构分别如下:

 1   sky@localhost : example 01:48:21> show create table A\G
2
3   *************************** 1. row ***************************
4
5   Table: A
6
7   Create Table: CREATE TABLE `A` (
8
9   `c1` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
10
11   `c2` char(2) default NULL,
12
13   `c3` varchar(16) default NULL,
14
15   `c4` datetime default NULL,
16
17   PRIMARY KEY (`c1`)
18
19   ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
20
21   sky@localhost : example 01:48:32> show create table B\G
22
23   *************************** 1. row ***************************
24
25   Table: B
26
27   Create Table: CREATE TABLE `B` (
28
29   `c1` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
30
31   `c2` char(2) default NULL,
32
33   `c3` varchar(16) default NULL,
34
35   PRIMARY KEY (`c1`),
36
37   KEY `B_c2_ind` (`c2`)
38
39   ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

    
    1、利用有序索引进行排序,实际上就是当我们 Query 的 ORDER BY 条件和 Query 的执行计划中所利用的 Index 的索引键(或前面几个索引键)完全一致,且索引访问方式为 rang、 ref 或者 index 的时候,MySQL 可以利用索引顺序而直接取得已经排好序的数据。这种方式的 ORDER BY 基本上可以说是最优的排序方式了,因为 MySQL 不需要进行实际的排序操作。

  假设我们在Table A 和 B 上执行如下SQL:

   

 1   sky@localhost : example 01:44:28> EXPLAIN SELECT A.* FROM A,B
2
3   -> WHERE A.c1 > 2 AND A.c2 5 AND A.c2 = B.c2 ORDER BY A.c1\G
4
5   *************************** 1. row ***************************
6
7   id: 1
8
9   select_type: SIMPLE
10
11   table: A
12
13   type: range
14
15   possible_keys: PRIMARY
16
17   key: PRIMARY
18
19   key_len: 4
20
21   ref: NULL
22
23   rows: 3
24
25   Extra: Using where
26
27   *************************** 2. row ***************************
28
29   id: 1
30
31   select_type: SIMPLE
32
33   table: B
34
35   type: ref
36
37   possible_keys: B_c2_ind
38
39   key: B_c2_ind
40
41   key_len: 7
42
43   ref: example.A.c2
44
45   rows: 2
46
47   Extra: Using where; Using index

    
    我们通过执行计划可以看出,MySQL实际上并没有进行实际的排序操作,实际上其整个执行过程如下图所示:

    

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