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How to read .py files correctly in Python?

Apr 03, 2024 pm 04:21 PM
python file reading

在 Python 中, 读取 .py 文件有三种方法。第一种方法是使用内置函数 open(),如 with open('example.py', 'r') as f: content = f.read()。第二种方法是使用 import 语句,如 import example。第三种方法是使用 exec() 函数,如 with open('example.py', 'r') as f: code = f.read() exec(code)。

How to read .py files correctly in Python?

如何正确读取 .py 文件?

引入

读取其他 Python 脚本对于模块化编程至关重要。本文将介绍在 Python 中正确读取 .py 文件的三种常见方法。

方法 1:使用内置函数

内置函数 open() 可用于读取文件内容。其语法如下:

open(filename, mode)
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其中:

  • filename 是要打开的文件名
  • mode 是打开模式(例如,'r' 表示读取)

例如:

with open('example.py', 'r') as f:
    content = f.read()
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方法 2:使用 import 语句

import 语句可用于导入其他模块(.py 文件)的内容。其语法如下:

import module_name
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例如:

import example
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导入后,可以访问模块中定义的变量和函数。

方法 3:使用 exec() 函数

exec() 函数可用于动态执行 Python 代码。其语法如下:

exec(code, globals, locals)
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其中:

  • code 是要执行的 Python 代码
  • globalslocals 是可选的字典,分别指定全局和局部变量空间

例如:

with open('example.py', 'r') as f:
    code = f.read()
    exec(code)
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实战案例

考虑一个名为 example.py 的文件,其中定义了一个函数 add():

def add(a, b):
    return a + b
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为了从一个不同的 Python 脚本中调用此函数,我们可以使用以下代码:

# 使用方法 1
import example
print(example.add(1, 2))

# 使用方法 3
with open('example.py', 'r') as f:
    code = f.read()
    exec(code)
    print(add(1, 2))
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