Detailed explanation of how Python reads .py files

There are three ways for Python to read .py files: import modules through the open() function, Pathlib module and importlib module. These methods allow the contents of a .py file to be read and used for various purposes, such as executing the module or using its functions.

Detailed explanation of the method of reading .py files in Python

In Python, there are the following methods to read .py files:

1. Use the open() function

with open('file.py', 'r') as f:
    file_content = f.read()

• open('file.py', 'r')Open the .py file and copy its contents Read into f.
• f.read()Read all contents in the file.

2. Use the Pathlib module

import pathlib

file_path = pathlib.Path('file.py')
file_content = file_path.read_text()

• pathlib.Path('file.py')Create a pointer. py file's Path object.
• file_path.read_text()Read the file and return its contents.

3. Use importlib module (module only)

If you want to import a module from a .py file, you can use importlibModule:

import importlib

module = importlib.import_module('file')

• importlib.import_module('file')Import the .py file as a module into the module variable.

Practical case:

Suppose we have a module named my_module.py:

def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

us This module can be imported and used from another Python file using one of the above methods:

# 使用open()函数
with open('my_module.py', 'r') as f:
    code = compile(f.read(), '<string>', 'exec')
    exec(code)

# 使用Pathlib模块
import pathlib

file_path = pathlib.Path('my_module.py')

# 注意：为了执行，你需要将代码编译并执行
code = compile(file_path.read_text(), '<string>', 'exec')
exec(code)

# 使用importlib模块（仅限模块）
import importlib

my_module = importlib.import_module('my_module')

# 调用模块中的函数
my_module.greet('John')

Output:

Hello, John!

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