In-depth understanding of class methods and object methods in Go language

There are no traditional classes and objects in the Go language, but structs and methods are used. Class methods are bound to the type and are used to operate on the entire type. Object methods are bound to object instances and are used to operate on a specific instance. The receivers of the two are different: the receiver of class methods is the type, while the receiver of object methods is the object instance pointer. There are also differences in naming conventions: class methods start with a capital letter, and object methods start with a lower case letter.

In-depth understanding of class methods and object methods in Go language

There are no classes and objects in the traditional sense in Go language, but use struct and Methods to simulate class and object behavior. Understanding class methods and object methods is crucial to using the Go language effectively.

Class methods

Class methods are bound to the type itself, not to a specific object instance. They are typically used to manipulate or initialize an entire type, such as creating a new instance. Use the func keyword to declare a class method, and capitalize the first letter as a convention to indicate that it is a class method:

type Person struct {
  name string
  age  int
}

func (p Person) New(name string, age int) Person {
  return Person{name, age}
}

Object method

Object Methods are bound to method receivers, which allow operations to be performed on specific object instances. Use the func keyword to declare object methods, starting with a lowercase letter:

type Person struct {
  name string
  age  int
}

func (p *Person) GetName() string {
  return p.name
}

Practical case

The following is an example of using class methods and object methods Simple example of:

func main() {
  // 使用类方法创建 Person 实例
  p := Person.New("Alice", 25)

  // 使用对象方法获取 Person 实例的姓名
  name := p.GetName()

  fmt.Println(name) // 输出: Alice
}

Difference

The most important difference between class methods and object methods is their receiver:

• Class method receiver: The structure type itself.
• Object method receiver: Structure instance pointer (address).

Naming Convention

• Class methods usually start with a capital letter to indicate that they belong to the type.
• Object methods usually start with a lowercase letter to indicate that they belong to an object instance.

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