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MySQL数据库配置技巧_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:03 PM
mysql start up us Skill database document user Configuration

用root用户启动远程服务一直是安全大忌,因为如果服务程序出现问题,远程攻击者极有可能获得主机的完全控制权。MySQL从3.23.15版 L\PyCu  
本开始时作了小小的改动,默认安装后服务要用mysql用户来启动,不允许root用户启动。如果非要用root用户来启动,必须加上--user=root R( XqQ=:J  
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的参数(./safe_mysqld --user=root &)。因为MySQL中有LOAD DATA INFILE和SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE的SQL语句,如果是root用户启动了 P=SXPj@s  
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MySQL服务器,那么,数据库用户就拥有了root用户的写权限。不过MySQL还是做了一些限制的,比如LOAD DATA INFILE只能读全局可读的文件 5-:{o3j  
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,SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE不能覆盖已经存在的文件。 f-uWWkG6I  
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本地的日志文件也不能忽视,包括shell的日志和MySQL自己的日志。有些用户在本地登陆或备份数据库的时候为了图方便,有时会在命令行参 !ua7['  
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数里直接带了数据库的密码,如: |yI9>&NQ  
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shell>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -ptest test>test.sql K]KW53w;"  
shell>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ptest 6,kZY}RL3  
>3.+9a  
这些命令会被shell记录在历史文件里,比如bash会写入用户目录的.bash_history文件,如果这些文件不慎被读,那么数据库的密码就会泄漏 *ffk[WU  
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。用户登陆数据库后执行的SQL命令也会被MySQL记录在用户目录的.mysql_history文件里。如果数据库用户用SQL语句修改了数据库密码,也会 Llz,At_C  
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因.mysql_history文件而泄漏。所以我们在shell登陆及备份的时候不要在-p后直接加密码,而是在提示后再输入数据库密码。 VGJwF Us  
另外这两个文件我们也应该不让它记录我们的操作,以防万一。 C|l\ '  
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shell>rm .bash_history .mysql_history %C"Oo  
shell>ln -s /dev/null .bash_history c2KWTaE^  
shell>ln -s /dev/null .mysql_history kj@R?Jym  
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上门这两条命令把这两个文件链接到/dev/null,那么我们的操作就不会被记录到这两个文件里了。 74cRAq  
编程需要注意的一些问题 s9P#jm&  
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不管是用哪种程序语言写连接MySQL数据库的程序,有一条准则是永远不要相信用户提交的数据! 9Q/NA/  
对于数字字段,我们要使用查询语句:SELECT * FROM table WHERE ID='234',不要使用SELECT * FROM table WHERE ID=234这样的查询语句 QE8QV?JX  
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。MySQL会自动把字串转换为数字字符并且去除非数字字符。如果用户提交的数据经过了mysql_escape_string处理,这样我们就可以完全杜绝 aJD*T4,  

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