A practical guide to POST requests for Go developers
创建或修改服务器端资源的最佳实践:在 Go 中发送 POST 请求导入必要的库。使用构建请求体对象。创建 HTTP 请求对象。根据需要设置请求头。使用 http.Client 执行请求。处理响应,读取和关闭响应正文。实战案例:发送 POST 请求创建用户,并打印响应正文。
Go 开发者的 POST 请求实践指南
POST 请求常用于创建或修改服务器上的资源。在 Go 中发送 POST 请求的过程简单快捷。
必需库
首先,你需要安装和导入必要的库:
import ( "bytes" "io/ioutil" "net/http" )
构建请求体
POST 请求的请求体包含要发送到服务器的数据。可以使用 bytes.Buffer
或 io.Reader
来构建请求体:
// 使用 bytes.Buffer buf := bytes.Buffer{} buf.WriteString("name=John Doe&age=30") // 使用 io.Reader r := strings.NewReader("name=Jane Doe&age=35")
创建 HTTP 请求
接下来,创建一个 http.Request
对象:
req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://example.com/api/users", buf) if err != nil { // 处理错误 }
设置请求头
根据需要设置任何必要的请求头。例如,要设置 Content-Type 头:
req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
执行请求
使用 http.Client
发送请求:
client := &http.Client{} resp, err := client.Do(req) if err != nil { // 处理错误 }
处理响应
请求执行后,处理响应:
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) if err != nil { // 处理错误 } resp.Body.Close() // 处理响应正文
实战案例
在 Go 中发送创建用户的 POST 请求:
const url = "http://localhost:8080/api/users" type User struct { Name string Age int } func createUser() (*http.Response, error) { user := User{Name: "John Doe", Age: 30} jsonValue, _ := json.Marshal(user) req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewBuffer(jsonValue)) if err != nil { return nil, err } req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json") client := &http.Client{} return client.Do(req) }
使用 fmt.Println(createUser().Body)
打印请求的响应正文。
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