Home Backend Development Golang Master the secrets of string escaping and anti-escaping in GO language

Master the secrets of string escaping and anti-escaping in GO language

Apr 07, 2024 pm 04:33 PM
go language String processing

字符串转义使用反斜杠将特殊字符表示为转义序列,而反转义将转义序列还原为实际字符。Go 语言支持以下转义序列:\n(换行符)、\t(制表符)、\r(回车符)、\f(换页符)、\a(报警)、\b(退格)、\v(垂直制表符),此外还有反斜杠本身、单引号和双引号。Raw 字符串文字使用反引号括起来,不会转义任何字符。转义字符在 HTML 代码和 JSON 数据中很有用,用于显示或反转义特殊字符。

Master the secrets of string escaping and anti-escaping in GO language

掌握 Go 语言字符串转义与反转义的奥秘

什么是字符串转义和反转义?

字符串转义使用反斜杠 () 字符将特殊字符表示为转义序列。这对于在字符串中包含特殊字符(如引号或换行符)时非常有用。

反转义则是与转义相反的过程,它将转义序列转换为实际字符。

Go 语言中的转义序列

Go 语言支持以下转义序列:

转义序列 描述
\n 换行符
\t 制表符
\r 回车符
\f 换页符
\a 报警
\b 退格
\v 垂直制表符
\ 反斜杠本身
\' 单引号
\" 双引号

使用 Raw String Literals

为了避免转义字符的干扰,Go 语言提供了原始字符串文字。这些文字以反引号 (`) 而不是引号 (") 括起来,并且不会转义任何字符。

raw := `This is a raw string literal.
It contains \\n, \\t, and \\".`
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实战案例:转义 HTML 代码

在 HTML 中,某些字符(如 < 和 >)具有特殊含义。为了在 HTML 中显示这些字符,我们需要对它们进行转义。

在 Go 语言中,我们可以使用 html.EscapeString() 函数对字符串进行转义:

import "html"

htmlString := html.EscapeString("<p>This is an HTML paragraph.</p>")

// 输出:<p>This is an HTML paragraph.</p>
fmt.Println(htmlString)
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实战案例:反转义 JSON 数据

在 JSON 数据中,某些转义序列(如 \u)被用于表示 Unicode 字符。为了反转义这些序列,我们可以使用 json.Marshal() 函数:

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)

jsonString := `{"name": "\u0041\u006c\u0069\u0063\u0065"}`

type Person struct {
    Name string
}

var person Person

err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonString), &person)
if err != nil {
    // 处理错误
}

// 输出:Alice
fmt.Println(person.Name)
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结论

字符串转义和反转义是 Go 语言中处理特殊字符的强大工具。通过掌握这些技术,您可以有效地处理和表示字符串数据。

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