Home Database Mysql Tutorial 一种基于记录集查找特定行的方法_MySQL

一种基于记录集查找特定行的方法_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:05 PM
based on method Find identification Record

问:我的一个表中包含了名为IdValue的单列主键。对于给定的IdValue值,我希望找到紧邻目标值之前和之后的表行(假定结果按IdValue排序)。怎样才能不使用游标而通过一个基于集合的方法得到需要的结果?

答:Transact-SQL是一个基于集合的语言,使用它在结果集中定位特定的行并非一件易事。但是,服务器端ANSI Transact-SQL游标的性能远远不如基于集合的解决方案,因此,学习解决问题的多种技术非常重要,尤其在面临上述问题时。

以Northwind数据库中的Orders表为例。我们可以这样重述该问题:怎样才能在Orders表中找到紧邻特定行之前和之后的行而不使用游标?假设我们按照OrderId列对结果集排序。

创造性地使用SQL Server的MIN()、MAX()和 TOP功能可以帮助您解决诸如此类的结果集定位问题。程序清单1和2给出了两个相似的、仅有细微差别的解决方法。程序清单1提供了一个常见的解决方案,因为它运用了@TargetOrder的MIN()和MAX()终点。但在某些情况下,展示TOP的灵活性也很有用。请注意,在以参数方式提供Orders表的最小OrderId(10248)时,程序清单2中的查询将返回空集,因为该查询假定在@TargetOrder行前总有一个行存在。

一般说来,生成结果集的方法不止一种,其中某一方法通常比其他的更高效。当您对这两个例子评估SHOWPLAN和SET STATISTICS IO信息时,您会发现运用了TOP语句的程序清单2的效率略微高于程序清单1。差别很细微的原因在于样本数据集很小,但在存在多种查询方法的情况下,测试不同方法的性能非常重要。

—Brian Moran

程序清单1:使用包含OR关键字的MIN() and MAX()函数查找目标行

DECLARE @TargetOrder int

SET @TargetOrder=10330

FROM Orders

WHERE OrderId=@TargetOrder

OR OrderId=(SELECT MAX(OrderId)

FROM orders WHERE OrderId

OR OrderId = (SELECT MIN(OrderId)

FROM orders WHERE OrderId > @TargetOrder)

程序清单2:使用TOP关键字查找目标行

SELECT

TOP 3

*

FROM orders

WHERE OrderId >=(SELECT MAX(OrderId) FROM orders

WHERE OrderId

ORDER BY

OrderId

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