Getting Started with Go Language: Analysis of Essential Features

Go language is a modern programming language known for its speed, efficiency and ease of use. Its essential features include: Variables and Constants: Variables can be reassigned, while constants cannot be modified once declared. Data types: Provides rich built-in data types, including numerical values, strings, sets, etc. Control flow: supports if-else, for loops, and switch-case statements. Function: supports function declaration and calling. Concurrency and Goroutine: Provides Goroutine (lightweight thread) to support concurrent programming.

Getting Started with Go Language: Analysis of Essential Features

Go language, also known as Golang, is a modern language developed by Google. programming language. It is known for its speed, efficiency and ease of use. This guide will introduce the essential features of the Go language and explain them through practical cases.

1. Variables and constants

// 变量声明
var name string = "John Doe"
// 常量声明
const age = 30

Variables can be reassigned, but constants cannot be modified once declared.

2. Data types

The Go language provides a wealth of built-in data types:

• Numeric types: int, float64, bool
• String type: string
• Collection type: slice , map, struct

3. Control flow

• if-else Statement:

  if age >= 18 {
  fmt.Println("成年人")
  } else {
  fmt.Println("未成年人")
  }

• for Loop:

  for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
  fmt.Println(i)
  }

• switch-case Statement:

  switch age {
  case 18:
  fmt.Println("刚成年")
  case 30:
  fmt.Println("三十而立")
  default:
  fmt.Println("其他年龄")
  }

4. Function

• Function declaration:

  func greet(name string) {
  fmt.Println("Hello", name)
  }

• Function call:

  greet("John Doe")

5. Concurrency and Goroutine

Go language supports concurrent programming, goroutine It is a lightweight thread in Go.

• Create Goroutine:

  go greet("John Doe")

• Waiting for Goroutine:

  var wg sync.WaitGroup
  wg.Add(1)
  go func() {
  defer wg.Done()
  greet("John Doe")
  }()
  wg.Wait()

Actual case: Calculating prime numbers

package main

import "fmt"

// 判断是否为质数
func isPrime(num int) bool {
  for i := 2; i <= num/2; i++ {
    if num%i == 0 {
      return false
    }
  }
  return true
}

func main() {
  fmt.Println("计算 100 以内的质数：")
  for i := 1; i <= 100; i++ {
    if isPrime(i) {
      fmt.Printf("%d ", i)
    }
  }
  fmt.Println()
}

Through this guide, you have learned about the basic features of the Go language, including variables, data types, control flow, functions, and concurrency. Mastering these features will lay a solid foundation for your in-depth learning of the Go language.

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