Differences between generics in different languages ​​and Go language generics

The differences between generics and Go generics mainly lie in syntax, type erasure, constraints and generic functions. Go generics are declared using curly braces {}, which preserves type information, has no explicit constraints, and does not support generic functions. Generics in Java and C# are declared using angle brackets , use type erasure, and support constraints and generic functions.

Differences between Generics and Go Generics

Introduction

Generics is a programming Feature that allows programmers to write code without knowing the actual type. This improves code reusability and maintainability. However, the implementation of generics in different languages ​​may differ. This article explores the main differences between generics and Go generics.

1. Syntax

• Java and C#: Generic types are declared using angle brackets . For example: <t></t> represents a generic type, where T can be replaced by any type.
• Go: Go’s generics are declared using curly braces {}. For example: []any represents a slice, where any can be replaced with any type.

2. Type erasure

• Java and C#: These languages ​​use type erasure, which means that The type disappears at runtime. This can improve performance, but can also limit some uses of generic code.
• Go: Go does not use type erasure, which means that generic types are preserved at runtime. This allows generic code to access actual type information, for example to make type assertions.

3. Constraints

• Java and C#: Generic types can be subject to specific constraints. For example, List<t></t> can restrict T to Comparable.
• Go: Generics in Go have no explicit constraints. In contrast, generic types use type inference to determine the actual type.

4. Generic functions

• Java and C#: These languages ​​support generic functions, which can operate on any Type parameters.
• Go: Go does not support generic functions. Instead, you can use type assertions to achieve similar functionality.

Practical case: Implementing a sorting algorithm for comparable objects

In Java, we can use the following generic code:

public class Sort {
    public static <T extends Comparable<T>> void sort(List<T> list) {
        Collections.sort(list);
    }
}

In Go, we can use the following code:

func Sort(list interface{}) {
    switch v := list.(type) {
    case []int:
        SortIntSlice(v)
    case []float64:
        SortFloat64Slice(v)
    }
}

func SortIntSlice(list []int) {
    sort.Ints(list)
}

func SortFloat64Slice(list []float64) {
    sort.Float64s(list)
}

Conclusion

Generics and Go Generics in terms of syntax, type erasure, constraints and generic functions There is a difference. Understanding these differences is critical to choosing the best solution.

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